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Chapter XVI — Conclusion

Chapter Summary

The narrator confesses that recounting these events still disturbs her profoundly. She then describes Baron Vordenburg, a scholar of vampirology living modestly in Gratz, who catalogues the laws governing vampires: their deceptive appearance of health, their inexplicable movement through graves, their predatory but courtship-like fixation on chosen victims, and their anagrammatic name-constraint, illustrated by Mircalla, Carmilla, and Millarca. The Baron also reveals that his ancestor was Mircalla's devoted lover, who deliberately concealed her tomb to spare her a posthumous execution, only to regret this act in old age and leave notes that eventually guided the Baron to her lair.

After the Baron departs, the narrator's father takes her on a year-long tour of Italy to aid her recovery. Even so, Carmilla's image persists in the narrator's memory in contradictory forms—sometimes the languid, beautiful girl, sometimes the writhing fiend—and she still starts at imagined sounds of Carmilla's footstep at the drawing-room door.

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Original Text
I write all this you suppose with composure. But far from it; I cannot think of it without agitation. Nothing but your earnest desire so repeatedly expressed, could have induced me to sit down to a task that has unstrung my nerves for months to come, and reinduced a shadow of the unspeakable horror which years after my deliverance continued to make my days and nights dreadful, and solitude insupportably terrific. Let me add a word or two about that quaint Baron Vordenburg, to whose curious lore we were indebted for the discovery of the Countess Mircalla’s grave. He had taken up his abode in Gratz, where, living upon a mere pittance, which was all that remained to him of the once princely estates of his family, in Upper Styria, he devoted himself to the minute and laborious investigation of the marvelously authenticated tradition of Vampirism. He had at his fingers’ ends all the great and little works upon the subject. “Magia Posthuma,” “Phlegon de Mirabilibus,” “Augustinus de cura pro Mortuis,” “Philosophicae et Christianae Cogitationes de Vampiris,” by John Christofer Herenberg; and a thousand others, among which I remember only a few of those which he lent to my father. He had a voluminous digest of all the judicial cases, from which he had extracted a system of principles that appear to govern—some always, and others occasionally only—the condition of the vampire. I may mention, in passing, that the deadly pallor attributed to that sort of revenants, is a mere melodramatic fiction. They present, in the grave, and when they show themselves in human society, the appearance of healthy life. When disclosed to light in their coffins, they exhibit all the symptoms that are enumerated as those which proved the vampire-life of the long-dead Countess Karnstein. How they escape from their graves and return to them for certain hours every day, without displacing the clay or leaving any trace of disturbance in the state of the coffin or the cerements, has always been admitted to be utterly inexplicable. The amphibious existence of the vampire is sustained by daily renewed slumber in the grave. Its horrible lust for living blood supplies the vigor of its waking existence. The vampire is prone to be fascinated with an engrossing vehemence, resembling the passion of love, by particular persons. In pursuit of these it will exercise inexhaustible patience and stratagem, for access to a particular object may be obstructed in a hundred ways. It will never desist until it has satiated its passion, and drained the very life of its coveted victim. But it will, in these cases, husband and protract its murderous enjoyment with the refinement of an epicure, and heighten it by the gradual approaches of an artful courtship. In these cases it seems to yearn for something like sympathy and consent. In ordinary ones it goes direct to its object, overpowers with violence, and strangles and exhausts often at a single feast. The vampire is, apparently, subject, in certain situations, to special conditions. In the particular instance of which I have given you a relation, Mircalla seemed to be limited to a name which, if not her real one, should at least reproduce, without the omission or addition of a single letter, those, as we say, anagrammatically, which compose it. Carmilla did this; so did Millarca. My father related to the Baron Vordenburg, who remained with us for two or three weeks after the expulsion of Carmilla, the story about the Moravian nobleman and the vampire at Karnstein churchyard, and then he asked the Baron how he had discovered the exact position of the long-concealed tomb of the Countess Mircalla? The Baron’s grotesque features puckered up into a mysterious smile; he looked down, still smiling on his worn spectacle case and fumbled with it. Then looking up, he said: “I have many journals, and other papers, written by that remarkable man; the most curious among them is one treating of the visit of which you speak, to Karnstein. The tradition, of course, discolors and distorts a little. He might have been termed a Moravian nobleman, for he had changed his abode to that territory, and was, beside, a noble. But he was, in truth, a native of Upper Styria. It is enough to say that in very early youth he had been a passionate and favored lover of the beautiful Mircalla, Countess Karnstein. Her early death plunged him into inconsolable grief. It is the nature of vampires to increase and multiply, but according to an ascertained and ghostly law. “Assume, at starting, a territory perfectly free from that pest. How does it begin, and how does it multiply itself? I will tell you. A person, more or less wicked, puts an end to himself. A suicide, under certain circumstances, becomes a vampire. That specter visits living people in their slumbers; they die, and almost invariably, in the grave, develop into vampires. This happened in the case of the beautiful Mircalla, who was haunted by one of those demons. My ancestor, Vordenburg, whose title I still bear, soon discovered this, and in the course of the studies to which he devoted himself, learned a great deal more. “Among other things, he concluded that suspicion of vampirism would probably fall, sooner or later, upon the dead Countess, who in life had been his idol. He conceived a horror, be she what she might, of her remains being profaned by the outrage of a posthumous execution. He has left a curious paper to prove that the vampire, on its expulsion from its amphibious existence, is projected into a far more horrible life; and he resolved to save his once beloved Mircalla from this. “He adopted the stratagem of a journey here, a pretended removal of her remains, and a real obliteration of her monument. When age had stolen upon him, and from the vale of years, he looked back on the scenes he was leaving, he considered, in a different spirit, what he had done, and a horror took possession of him. He made the tracings and notes which have guided me to the very spot, and drew up a confession of the deception that he had practiced. If he had intended any further action in this matter, death prevented him; and the hand of a remote descendant has, too late for many, directed the pursuit to the lair of the beast.” We talked a little more, and among other things he said was this: “One sign of the vampire is the power of the hand. The slender hand of Mircalla closed like a vice of steel on the General’s wrist when he raised the hatchet to strike. But its power is not confined to its grasp; it leaves a numbness in the limb it seizes, which is slowly, if ever, recovered from.” The following Spring my father took me a tour through Italy. We remained away for more than a year. It was long before the terror of recent events subsided; and to this hour the image of Carmilla returns to memory with ambiguous alternations—sometimes the playful, languid, beautiful girl; sometimes the writhing fiend I saw in the ruined church; and often from a reverie I have started, fancying I heard the light step of Carmilla at the drawing room door. Other books by J. Sheridan LeFanu The Cock and Anchor Torlogh O’Brien The House by the Churchyard Uncle Silas Checkmate Carmilla The Wyvern Mystery Guy Deverell Ghost Stories and Tales of Mystery The Chronicles of Golden Friars In a Glass Darkly The Purcell Papers The Watcher and Other Weird Stories A Chronicle of Golden Friars and Other Stories Madam Growl’s Ghost and Other Tales of Mystery Green Tea and Other Stories Sheridan LeFanu: The Diabolic Genius Best Ghost Stories of J.S. LeFanu The Best Horror Stories The Vampire Lovers and Other Stories Ghost Stories and Mysteries The Hours After Midnight J.S. LeFanu: Ghost Stories and Mysteries Ghost and Horror Stories Green Tea and Other Ghost Stones Carmilla and Other Classic Tales of Mystery
Source text: Project Gutenberg #10007. Public domain worldwide.
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The concluding chapter performs a double closure: it wraps the plot through exposition and retrospective explanation, yet deliberately refuses psychological closure for the narrator. Le Fanu frames the entire narrative as a traumatic testimony extracted under duress—"nothing but your earnest desire so repeatedly expressed, could have induced me to sit down to a task that has unstrung my nerves for months to come"—positioning the act of writing itself as a re-wounding. This metanarrative framing collapses the distance between story-time and narration-time, implicating the reader as the insistent interlocutor who has forced the narrator to relive her ordeal.

Baron Vordenburg's taxonomic lecture introduces a pseudo-scientific discourse that mimics the empirical confidence of Victorian natural history. By cataloguing vampire behaviour with the vocabulary of zoology and jurisprudence—"a system of principles," "judicial cases," "ascertained and ghostly law"—Le Fanu satirises the Enlightenment faith that all phenomena can be classified and controlled. The bibliographic list of real and semi-real scholarly texts ("Magia Posthuma," "Phlegon de Mirabilibus") lends spurious authority while simultaneously gesturing toward a genuine European tradition of vampire scholarship, blurring the boundary between the fictional and the documented.

The Baron's account of his ancestor's motivation introduces a romantic tragedy at the origin of the horror: the first Vordenburg concealed Mircalla's tomb out of love, thereby enabling centuries of predation. This revelation reframes the vampire not merely as a monster but as a victim of grief and misguided devotion, deepening the novella's meditation on the destructive potential of passionate attachment. The ancestor's late-life horror at what he had done mirrors the narrator's own retrospective terror, suggesting that complicity in the vampire's survival—whether through love, fascination, or silence—is a recurring human failing.

The anagram motif (Mircalla / Carmilla / Millarca) is here given its fullest articulation as a symbol of identity's instability. The vampire cannot escape her name's letters yet endlessly rearranges them, enacting a self that is simultaneously fixed and protean. This mirrors the narrator's own ambivalence: she cannot fully separate the "playful, languid, beautiful girl" from "the writhing fiend," suggesting that Carmilla's dual nature has permanently infected the narrator's perceptual categories.

The final image—the narrator starting at the imagined sound of Carmilla's "light step" at the drawing-room door—is the novella's most powerful instance of the uncanny in Freud's sense of the heimlich becoming unheimlich. The domestic threshold, the drawing-room door, is precisely the space where intimacy and intrusion meet. Carmilla entered Laura's life through such thresholds, and she lingers there still, neither fully expelled nor fully present, embodying the text's central argument that desire and dread cannot be cleanly separated.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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