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Chapter XVI

Chapter Summary

At midnight, Catherine gives birth to a premature daughter—the future Cathy—and dies two hours later without regaining full consciousness. Nelly describes the serene beauty of Catherine's corpse and reflects on death as a passage to divine peace. At dawn she finds Heathcliff in the park, already aware of Catherine's death; he erupts in anguished fury, cursing Catherine and begging her spirit to haunt him rather than abandon him, then beats his head against an ash tree in animal grief.

In the days before the Friday funeral, Edgar keeps a sleepless vigil beside the open coffin while Heathcliff haunts the grounds outside. Nelly secretly opens a window to admit him for a final farewell; she later discovers he has replaced the hair in Catherine's locket with a lock of his own. Catherine is buried not in the Linton chapel nor the Earnshaw plot but on a moorland slope of the kirkyard, where Edgar is later laid beside her.

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Original Text
About twelve o’clock that night was born the Catherine you saw at Wuthering Heights: a puny, seven-months’ child; and two hours after the mother died, having never recovered sufficient consciousness to miss Heathcliff, or know Edgar. The latter’s distraction at his bereavement is a subject too painful to be dwelt on; its after-effects showed how deep the sorrow sunk. A great addition, in my eyes, was his being left without an heir. I bemoaned that, as I gazed on the feeble orphan; and I mentally abused old Linton for (what was only natural partiality) the securing his estate to his own daughter, instead of his son’s. An unwelcomed infant it was, poor thing! It might have wailed out of life, and nobody cared a morsel, during those first hours of existence. We redeemed the neglect afterwards; but its beginning was as friendless as its end is likely to be. Next morning—bright and cheerful out of doors—stole softened in through the blinds of the silent room, and suffused the couch and its occupant with a mellow, tender glow. Edgar Linton had his head laid on the pillow, and his eyes shut. His young and fair features were almost as deathlike as those of the form beside him, and almost as fixed: but _his_ was the hush of exhausted anguish, and _hers_ of perfect peace. Her brow smooth, her lids closed, her lips wearing the expression of a smile; no angel in heaven could be more beautiful than she appeared. And I partook of the infinite calm in which she lay: my mind was never in a holier frame than while I gazed on that untroubled image of Divine rest. I instinctively echoed the words she had uttered a few hours before: “Incomparably beyond and above us all! Whether still on earth or now in heaven, her spirit is at home with God!” I don’t know if it be a peculiarity in me, but I am seldom otherwise than happy while watching in the chamber of death, should no frenzied or despairing mourner share the duty with me. I see a repose that neither earth nor hell can break, and I feel an assurance of the endless and shadowless hereafter—the Eternity they have entered—where life is boundless in its duration, and love in its sympathy, and joy in its fulness. I noticed on that occasion how much selfishness there is even in a love like Mr. Linton’s, when he so regretted Catherine’s blessed release! To be sure, one might have doubted, after the wayward and impatient existence she had led, whether she merited a haven of peace at last. One might doubt in seasons of cold reflection; but not then, in the presence of her corpse. It asserted its own tranquillity, which seemed a pledge of equal quiet to its former inhabitant. Do you believe such people _are_ happy in the other world, sir? I’d give a great deal to know. I declined answering Mrs. Dean’s question, which struck me as something heterodox. She proceeded: Retracing the course of Catherine Linton, I fear we have no right to think she is; but we’ll leave her with her Maker. The master looked asleep, and I ventured soon after sunrise to quit the room and steal out to the pure refreshing air. The servants thought me gone to shake off the drowsiness of my protracted watch; in reality, my chief motive was seeing Mr. Heathcliff. If he had remained among the larches all night, he would have heard nothing of the stir at the Grange; unless, perhaps, he might catch the gallop of the messenger going to Gimmerton. If he had come nearer, he would probably be aware, from the lights flitting to and fro, and the opening and shutting of the outer doors, that all was not right within. I wished, yet feared, to find him. I felt the terrible news must be told, and I longed to get it over; but _how_ to do it I did not know. He was there—at least, a few yards further in the park; leant against an old ash-tree, his hat off, and his hair soaked with the dew that had gathered on the budded branches, and fell pattering round him. He had been standing a long time in that position, for I saw a pair of ousels passing and repassing scarcely three feet from him, busy in building their nest, and regarding his proximity no more than that of a piece of timber. They flew off at my approach, and he raised his eyes and spoke:—“She’s dead!” he said; “I’ve not waited for you to learn that. Put your handkerchief away—don’t snivel before me. Damn you all! she wants none of _your_ tears!” I was weeping as much for him as her: we do sometimes pity creatures that have none of the feeling either for themselves or others. When I first looked into his face, I perceived that he had got intelligence of the catastrophe; and a foolish notion struck me that his heart was quelled and he prayed, because his lips moved and his gaze was bent on the ground. “Yes, she’s dead!” I answered, checking my sobs and drying my cheeks. “Gone to heaven, I hope; where we may, every one, join her, if we take due warning and leave our evil ways to follow good!” “Did _she_ take due warning, then?” asked Heathcliff, attempting a sneer. “Did she die like a saint? Come, give me a true history of the event. How did—?” He endeavoured to pronounce the name, but could not manage it; and compressing his mouth he held a silent combat with his inward agony, defying, meanwhile, my sympathy with an unflinching, ferocious stare. “How did she die?” he resumed, at last—fain, notwithstanding his hardihood, to have a support behind him; for, after the struggle, he trembled, in spite of himself, to his very finger-ends. “Poor wretch!” I thought; “you have a heart and nerves the same as your brother men! Why should you be anxious to conceal them? Your pride cannot blind God! You tempt him to wring them, till he forces a cry of humiliation.” “Quietly as a lamb!” I answered, aloud. “She drew a sigh, and stretched herself, like a child reviving, and sinking again to sleep; and five minutes after I felt one little pulse at her heart, and nothing more!” “And—did she ever mention me?” he asked, hesitating, as if he dreaded the answer to his question would introduce details that he could not bear to hear. “Her senses never returned: she recognised nobody from the time you left her,” I said. “She lies with a sweet smile on her face; and her latest ideas wandered back to pleasant early days. Her life closed in a gentle dream—may she wake as kindly in the other world!” “May she wake in torment!” he cried, with frightful vehemence, stamping his foot, and groaning in a sudden paroxysm of ungovernable passion. “Why, she’s a liar to the end! Where is she? Not _there_—not in heaven—not perished—where? Oh! you said you cared nothing for my sufferings! And I pray one prayer—I repeat it till my tongue stiffens—Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living; you said I killed you—haunt me, then! The murdered _do_ haunt their murderers, I believe. I know that ghosts _have_ wandered on earth. Be with me always—take any form—drive me mad! only _do_ not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh, God! it is unutterable! I _cannot_ live without my life! I _cannot_ live without my soul!” He dashed his head against the knotted trunk; and, lifting up his eyes, howled, not like a man, but like a savage beast being goaded to death with knives and spears. I observed several splashes of blood about the bark of the tree, and his hand and forehead were both stained; probably the scene I witnessed was a repetition of others acted during the night. It hardly moved my compassion—it appalled me: still, I felt reluctant to quit him so. But the moment he recollected himself enough to notice me watching, he thundered a command for me to go, and I obeyed. He was beyond my skill to quiet or console! Mrs. Linton’s funeral was appointed to take place on the Friday following her decease; and till then her coffin remained uncovered, and strewn with flowers and scented leaves, in the great drawing-room. Linton spent his days and nights there, a sleepless guardian; and—a circumstance concealed from all but me—Heathcliff spent his nights, at least, outside, equally a stranger to repose. I held no communication with him; still, I was conscious of his design to enter, if he could; and on the Tuesday, a little after dark, when my master, from sheer fatigue, had been compelled to retire a couple of hours, I went and opened one of the windows; moved by his perseverance to give him a chance of bestowing on the faded image of his idol one final adieu. He did not omit to avail himself of the opportunity, cautiously and briefly; too cautiously to betray his presence by the slightest noise. Indeed, I shouldn’t have discovered that he had been there, except for the disarrangement of the drapery about the corpse’s face, and for observing on the floor a curl of light hair, fastened with a silver thread; which, on examination, I ascertained to have been taken from a locket hung round Catherine’s neck. Heathcliff had opened the trinket and cast out its contents, replacing them by a black lock of his own. I twisted the two, and enclosed them together. Mr. Earnshaw was, of course, invited to attend the remains of his sister to the grave; he sent no excuse, but he never came; so that, besides her husband, the mourners were wholly composed of tenants and servants. Isabella was not asked. The place of Catherine’s interment, to the surprise of the villagers, was neither in the chapel under the carved monument of the Lintons, nor yet by the tombs of her own relations, outside. It was dug on a green slope in a corner of the kirkyard, where the wall is so low that heath and bilberry-plants have climbed over it from the moor; and peat-mould almost buries it. Her husband lies in the same spot now; and they have each a simple headstone above, and a plain grey block at their feet, to mark the graves.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #768. Public domain worldwide.
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Chapter XVI is the emotional and structural pivot of the novel, enacting Catherine's death as both a narrative ending and a mythic transformation. Brontë carefully separates the two responses to the death—Edgar's exhausted, grief-stricken stillness and Heathcliff's violent, supernatural invocation—to dramatise the novel's central opposition between civilised sentiment and elemental passion. Nelly's narration mediates between these poles, her conventional piety colouring the description of Catherine's corpse as angelic while her instinctive sympathy draws her toward Heathcliff even as she is appalled by him.

The language surrounding Catherine's body is saturated with religious sublimity: the morning light is "mellow" and "tender," her face wears "perfect peace," and Nelly invokes "Divine rest" and "Eternity." This iconographic framing—Catherine as a saint in repose—is immediately complicated by Nelly's own aside that one might doubt whether Catherine "merited a haven of peace," and by Heathcliff's savage counter-prayer. The chapter thus holds orthodox consolation and heterodox doubt in unresolved tension, a characteristic Brontëan refusal of easy closure.

Heathcliff's great speech—"Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living; you said I killed you—haunt me, then!"—is the novel's most concentrated expression of love as possession and torment. The imperative mood ("haunt me," "be with me always," "drive me mad") transforms grief into a conjuration, collapsing the boundary between the living and the dead. His cry "I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul!" enacts a metaphysical paradox: Catherine is not merely his beloved but the ontological ground of his existence, so her death is simultaneously his own annihilation. This anticipates the novel's second half, in which Heathcliff persists as a kind of living ghost.

The locket episode is a quietly powerful symbolic act. By displacing Edgar's fair hair with his own dark lock and having Nelly twist the two together, Brontë literalises the novel's triangular structure: even in death Catherine belongs to both men, and the intertwining of the locks figures the impossibility of clean separation. The detail also demonstrates Heathcliff's characteristic mode of action—covert, obsessive, and oriented toward symbolic rather than practical possession.

Catherine's burial place is the chapter's final symbolic statement. Positioned neither within the Linton chapel (civilisation, inheritance) nor the Earnshaw plot (origin, family), but on a liminal moorland slope where heath climbs over the churchyard wall, her grave literalises her identity as a figure who belongs to neither social world but to the wild landscape itself. That Edgar is eventually laid beside her, and that Heathcliff will later be placed nearby, makes the kirkyard corner a site of posthumous resolution that the living characters could never achieve.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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