The Turn of the Screw Study Guide
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Chapter XII

Chapter Summary

The governess presses Mrs. Grose with her conviction that Miles and Flora are in secret communion with the ghosts of Quint and Miss Jessel. She argues that the children's supernatural goodness is a performance, a deliberate concealment, and that the dead are drawing them toward danger—seen at towers, rooftops, and the edges of pools—with destruction as the ultimate aim. Mrs. Grose, shaken, accepts the theory and urges that the uncle be summoned to intervene.

The governess rejects this course absolutely. She explains that writing to the guardian would expose her as hysterical and would violate her original promise to spare him all worry. When Mrs. Grose suggests making him come to Bly, the governess reads the subtext—that she would appear to be manufacturing a crisis to attract his attention—and issues a stark ultimatum: if Mrs. Grose appeals to the uncle on her behalf, the governess will leave immediately.

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Original Text
The particular impression I had received proved in the morning light, I repeat, not quite successfully presentable to Mrs. Grose, though I reinforced it with the mention of still another remark that he had made before we separated. “It all lies in half a dozen words,” I said to her, “words that really settle the matter. ‘Think, you know, what I _might_ do!’ He threw that off to show me how good he is. He knows down to the ground what he ‘might’ do. That’s what he gave them a taste of at school.” “Lord, you do change!” cried my friend. “I don’t change—I simply make it out. The four, depend upon it, perpetually meet. If on either of these last nights you had been with either child, you would clearly have understood. The more I’ve watched and waited the more I’ve felt that if there were nothing else to make it sure it would be made so by the systematic silence of each. _Never_, by a slip of the tongue, have they so much as alluded to either of their old friends, any more than Miles has alluded to his expulsion. Oh, yes, we may sit here and look at them, and they may show off to us there to their fill; but even while they pretend to be lost in their fairytale they’re steeped in their vision of the dead restored. He’s not reading to her,” I declared; “they’re talking of _them_—they’re talking horrors! I go on, I know, as if I were crazy; and it’s a wonder I’m not. What I’ve seen would have made _you_ so; but it has only made me more lucid, made me get hold of still other things.” My lucidity must have seemed awful, but the charming creatures who were victims of it, passing and repassing in their interlocked sweetness, gave my colleague something to hold on by; and I felt how tight she held as, without stirring in the breath of my passion, she covered them still with her eyes. “Of what other things have you got hold?” “Why, of the very things that have delighted, fascinated, and yet, at bottom, as I now so strangely see, mystified and troubled me. Their more than earthly beauty, their absolutely unnatural goodness. It’s a game,” I went on; “it’s a policy and a fraud!” “On the part of little darlings—?” “As yet mere lovely babies? Yes, mad as that seems!” The very act of bringing it out really helped me to trace it—follow it all up and piece it all together. “They haven’t been good—they’ve only been absent. It has been easy to live with them, because they’re simply leading a life of their own. They’re not mine—they’re not ours. They’re his and they’re hers!” “Quint’s and that woman’s?” “Quint’s and that woman’s. They want to get to them.” Oh, how, at this, poor Mrs. Grose appeared to study them! “But for what?” “For the love of all the evil that, in those dreadful days, the pair put into them. And to ply them with that evil still, to keep up the work of demons, is what brings the others back.” “Laws!” said my friend under her breath. The exclamation was homely, but it revealed a real acceptance of my further proof of what, in the bad time—for there had been a worse even than this!—must have occurred. There could have been no such justification for me as the plain assent of her experience to whatever depth of depravity I found credible in our brace of scoundrels. It was in obvious submission of memory that she brought out after a moment: “They _were_ rascals! But what can they now do?” she pursued. “Do?” I echoed so loud that Miles and Flora, as they passed at their distance, paused an instant in their walk and looked at us. “Don’t they do enough?” I demanded in a lower tone, while the children, having smiled and nodded and kissed hands to us, resumed their exhibition. We were held by it a minute; then I answered: “They can destroy them!” At this my companion did turn, but the inquiry she launched was a silent one, the effect of which was to make me more explicit. “They don’t know, as yet, quite how—but they’re trying hard. They’re seen only across, as it were, and beyond—in strange places and on high places, the top of towers, the roof of houses, the outside of windows, the further edge of pools; but there’s a deep design, on either side, to shorten the distance and overcome the obstacle; and the success of the tempters is only a question of time. They’ve only to keep to their suggestions of danger.” “For the children to come?” “And perish in the attempt!” Mrs. Grose slowly got up, and I scrupulously added: “Unless, of course, we can prevent!” Standing there before me while I kept my seat, she visibly turned things over. “Their uncle must do the preventing. He must take them away.” “And who’s to make him?” She had been scanning the distance, but she now dropped on me a foolish face. “You, miss.” “By writing to him that his house is poisoned and his little nephew and niece mad?” “But if they _are_, miss?” “And if I am myself, you mean? That’s charming news to be sent him by a governess whose prime undertaking was to give him no worry.” Mrs. Grose considered, following the children again. “Yes, he do hate worry. That was the great reason—” “Why those fiends took him in so long? No doubt, though his indifference must have been awful. As I’m not a fiend, at any rate, I shouldn’t take him in.” My companion, after an instant and for all answer, sat down again and grasped my arm. “Make him at any rate come to you.” I stared. “To _me?_” I had a sudden fear of what she might do. “‘Him’?” “He ought to _be_ here—he ought to help.” I quickly rose, and I think I must have shown her a queerer face than ever yet. “You see me asking him for a visit?” No, with her eyes on my face she evidently couldn’t. Instead of it even—as a woman reads another—she could see what I myself saw: his derision, his amusement, his contempt for the breakdown of my resignation at being left alone and for the fine machinery I had set in motion to attract his attention to my slighted charms. She didn’t know—no one knew—how proud I had been to serve him and to stick to our terms; yet she nonetheless took the measure, I think, of the warning I now gave her. “If you should so lose your head as to appeal to him for me—” She was really frightened. “Yes, miss?” “I would leave, on the spot, both him and you.”
Source text: Project Gutenberg #209. Public domain worldwide.
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Chapter XII marks a pivotal escalation in the governess's interpretive authority. She moves from reporting apparitions to constructing a comprehensive theory of demonic conspiracy, and the chapter's rhetorical energy is devoted to persuading Mrs. Grose—and, through her, the reader—to accept that theory. James stages the conversation as a kind of trial in which the governess is simultaneously prosecutor, witness, and judge, a structure that quietly raises the question of whether her lucidity is genuine insight or elaborate self-deception.

The governess's central claim—that the children's goodness is "a policy and a fraud"—is one of the novella's most disturbing reversals. Innocence is reframed as performance, and the very qualities that charmed observers become evidence of guilt. This inversion of the conventional child-as-pure trope is characteristic of James's Gothic method: the uncanny is generated not by obvious monstrosity but by the corruption of the familiar and the beautiful. The phrase "steeped in their vision of the dead restored" is particularly dense, yoking religious language (restoration, vision) to the demonic, so that the children's imagined inner life becomes a kind of dark liturgy.

The spatial imagery the governess deploys to describe the ghosts' approach—"the top of towers, the roof of houses, the outside of windows, the further edge of pools"—is a carefully assembled geography of threshold. Each location is a liminal boundary between safety and the void, and the cumulative list creates a sense of encirclement that mirrors the governess's own psychological state. The phrase "shorten the distance and overcome the obstacle" gives the supernatural a tactical, almost military logic, transforming vague dread into purposeful menace.

The chapter's second movement, concerning the uncle, reveals the governess's psychological investment in her role with unusual clarity. Her refusal to write is ostensibly principled—she promised him no worry—but James allows Mrs. Grose's silent reading of her face to expose a deeper motive: fear of appearing to manufacture a crisis in order to attract a man she admires. The passage in which the governess imagines "his derision, his amusement, his contempt" is rendered in free indirect discourse, collapsing the distance between narrator and character and implicating the reader in her self-awareness. Her pride in having "served him" and "stuck to their terms" frames her entire mission at Bly as a form of devotion that cannot survive his scrutiny.

The chapter closes on the governess's ultimatum, which crystallises her isolation as both a practical condition and a chosen identity. By threatening to leave if Mrs. Grose appeals to the guardian, she simultaneously asserts control and seals herself inside the crisis. The threat is structurally paradoxical: the one person who might validate or correct her is the one she most adamantly refuses to summon. This self-enclosure is the psychological engine of the novella's horror, whether that horror is supernatural or entirely internal.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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