This scene is constructed around a sustained and devastating dramatic irony: the audience, primed by Richard's plotting, watches Hastings interpret every omen of his destruction as a sign of his security. Shakespeare layers warning upon warning — Stanley's dream, Catesby's probing, the priest, Buckingham's aside — yet Hastings deflects each one with breezy self-assurance, making his blindness both comic and tragic. His confidence is not mere stupidity; it is the pride of a man who believes political intelligence (his spy Catesby) is equivalent to real knowledge, never suspecting that Catesby is Richard's agent.The boar heraldry functions as the scene's central symbol. Richard's cognizance was the white boar, and Stanley's dream of the boar razing his helmet is a barely coded prophecy of Richard's lethal intentions. Hastings' retort — 'To fly the boar before the boar pursues / Were to incense the boar to follow us' — is a masterpiece of ironic self-entrapment: his very argument for staying becomes the mechanism of his death. The boar-spear jest he makes at Stanley's expense deepens the irony, as Hastings is the one who has come entirely unarmed against the beast.Catesby's role illuminates Shakespeare's theme of treachery masked by service. Hastings trusts Catesby precisely...
Act III, Scene 2
Scene Summary
Before dawn, a messenger from Lord Stanley wakes Hastings with a warning: Stanley has dreamed that Richard (the boar) has razed his helmet, and he fears the two separate councils bode danger. Hastings dismisses the warning, confident that his servant Catesby attends the rival council and that Richard favours him. Catesby arrives and probes whether Hastings will support Richard's bid for the crown; Hastings flatly refuses, though he gloats over the imminent execution of the queen's kindred at Pomfret. Stanley arrives and repeats his misgivings, but Hastings remains cheerfully defiant.
As the group sets off for the Tower, Hastings pauses to speak with a pursuivant, boasting that his fortunes are reversed since his last imprisonment. He then exchanges pleasantries with a priest and with Buckingham, who delivers an ominous aside that Hastings will not leave the Tower alive. Hastings, oblivious, accompanies Buckingham toward his doom.
"He dreamt to-night the boar had razed his helm" — Messenger (3.2)
"To fly the boar before the boar pursues, Were to incense the boar to follow us And make pursuit where he did mean no chase." — Hastings (3.2)
"'Tis a vile thing to die, my gracious lord, When men are unprepared and look not for it." — Catesby (3.2)
"For they account his head upon the bridge." — Catesby (3.2)
"I'll have this crown of mine cut from my shoulders Ere I will see the crown so foul misplaced." — Hastings (3.2)
"And supper too, although thou know'st it not." — Buckingham (3.2)
"Then was I going prisoner to the Tower, By the suggestion of the queen's allies; But now, I tell thee--keep it to thyself-- This day those enemies are put to death, And I in better state than e'er I was." — Hastings (3.2)
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