This scene marks a decisive turning point in the play's power dynamics: Richard, having achieved the crown, no longer needs Buckingham and discards him with the same ruthless efficiency he has applied to every previous obstacle. The scene's structure enacts this shift formally — Richard ascends the throne in ceremonial pomp at the opening, a visual emblem of achieved ambition, yet within moments the ceremony gives way to conspiratorial whispers and cold dismissals. Shakespeare uses the physical staging of the throne to underscore the irony that political elevation coincides with moral descent.The exchange over the princes' murder reveals the limits of Buckingham's complicity. His request for "some breath, some little pause" signals a moral threshold he is unwilling to cross, and Richard reads the hesitation instantly: "High-reaching Buckingham grows circumspect." The gold-testing metaphor — Richard playing "the touch" to assay whether Buckingham is "current gold" — frames human loyalty in mercantile terms, consistent with the play's broader equation of political relationships with transactional exchange. Buckingham fails the assay, and Richard moves without sentiment to replace him with Tyrrel, a figure defined entirely by purchasable obedience.Richard's soliloquy after dismissing Catesby crystallises the play's logic of compounding sin: "I am in /...
Act IV, Scene 2
Scene Summary
Newly crowned, Richard ascends his throne and immediately tests Buckingham's loyalty by hinting that the young princes in the Tower must be killed. Buckingham, uncharacteristically hesitant, asks for time to consider, and Richard dismisses him with cold contempt. He then recruits a page to identify a hireable assassin, learning of James Tyrrel, whom he promptly engages to murder the princes. Richard also orders rumours spread that Queen Anne is dying, plans to marry his niece Elizabeth, King Edward's daughter (and to marry Clarence's daughter off to a "mean-born gentleman"), and receives news that Dorset has fled to Richmond.
When Buckingham returns and presses Richard for the promised earldom of Hereford, Richard deflects with evasive talk of prophecies about Richmond, then flatly refuses to reward him, saying he is "not in the giving vein." Buckingham, left alone, recalls the fate of Hastings and flees to Brecknock, recognising that his own life is now in danger.
"O Buckingham, now do I play the touch, / To try if thou be current gold indeed" — King Richard III (4.2)
"Tut, tut, thou art all ice, thy kindness freezeth" — King Richard III (4.2)
"High-reaching Buckingham grows circumspect." — King Richard III (4.2)
"I am in / So far in blood that sin will pluck on sin: / Tear-falling pity dwells not in this eye." — King Richard III (4.2)
"Because that, like a Jack, thou keep'st the stroke / Betwixt thy begging and my meditation. / I am not in the giving vein to-day." — King Richard III (4.2)
"O, let me think on Hastings, and be gone / To Brecknock, while my fearful head is on!" — Buckingham (4.2)
"Foes to my rest and my sweet sleep's disturbers / Are they that I would have thee deal upon: / Tyrrel, I mean those bastards in the Tower." — King Richard III (4.2)
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