Henry V Study Guide

Act IV, Scene 3

The English camp

Scene Summary

On the morning of Agincourt, the English lords survey the overwhelming French numbers — five to one — and Westmoreland wishes for reinforcements from England. King Henry rebukes the wish sharply, declaring that fewer men means greater individual honour, and offers free passage home to any soldier without heart for the fight. He then delivers his celebrated Saint Crispin's Day speech, prophesying that survivors will remember this day with pride for generations, and that the fighters form a brotherhood transcending rank.

Salisbury returns to warn that the French are advancing. The French herald Montjoy arrives a final time to offer Henry the chance to negotiate his ransom before certain defeat. Henry dismisses him defiantly, contrasting his soldiers' battered appearance with their inward courage, and vowing no ransom will be paid. York requests command of the vanguard, Henry grants it, and the army marches to battle.

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Original Text
[Enter GLOUCESTER, BEDFORD, EXETER, ERPINGHAM, with all his host: SALISBURY and WESTMORELAND] GLOUCESTER Where is the king? BEDFORD The king himself is rode to view their battle. WESTMORELAND Of fighting men they have full three score thousand. EXETER There's five to one; besides, they all are fresh. SALISBURY God's arm strike with us! 'tis a fearful odds. God be wi' you, princes all; I'll to my charge: If we no more meet till we meet in heaven, Then, joyfully, my noble Lord of Bedford, My dear Lord Gloucester, and my good Lord Exeter, And my kind kinsman, warriors all, adieu! BEDFORD Farewell, good Salisbury; and good luck go with thee! EXETER Farewell, kind lord; fight valiantly to-day: And yet I do thee wrong to mind thee of it, For thou art framed of the firm truth of valour. [Exit SALISBURY] BEDFORD He is full of valour as of kindness; Princely in both. [Enter the KING] WESTMORELAND O that we now had here But one ten thousand of those men in England That do no work to-day! KING HENRY V What's he that wishes so? My cousin Westmoreland? No, my fair cousin: If we are mark'd to die, we are enow To do our country loss; and if to live, The fewer men, the greater share of honour. God's will! I pray thee, wish not one man more. By Jove, I am not covetous for gold, Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost; It yearns me not if men my garments wear; Such outward things dwell not in my desires: But if it be a sin to covet honour, I am the most offending soul alive. No, faith, my coz, wish not a man from England: God's peace! I would not lose so great an honour As one man more, methinks, would share from me For the best hope I have. O, do not wish one more! Rather proclaim it, Westmoreland, through my host, That he which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart; his passport shall be made And crowns for convoy put into his purse: We would not die in that man's company That fears his fellowship to die with us. This day is called the feast of Crispian: He that outlives this day, and comes safe home, Will stand a tip-toe when the day is named, And rouse him at the name of Crispian. He that shall live this day, and see old age, Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbours, And say 'To-morrow is Saint Crispian:' Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars. And say 'These wounds I had on Crispin's day.' Old men forget: yet all shall be forgot, But he'll remember with advantages What feats he did that day: then shall our names. Familiar in his mouth as household words Harry the king, Bedford and Exeter, Warwick and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester, Be in their flowing cups freshly remember'd. This story shall the good man teach his son; And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by, From this day to the ending of the world, But we in it shall be remember'd; We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he to-day that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition: And gentlemen in England now a-bed Shall think themselves accursed they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day. [Re-enter SALISBURY] SALISBURY My sovereign lord, bestow yourself with speed: The French are bravely in their battles set, And will with all expedience charge on us. KING HENRY V All things are ready, if our minds be so. WESTMORELAND Perish the man whose mind is backward now! KING HENRY V Thou dost not wish more help from England, coz? WESTMORELAND God's will! my liege, would you and I alone, Without more help, could fight this royal battle! KING HENRY V Why, now thou hast unwish'd five thousand men; Which likes me better than to wish us one. You know your places: God be with you all! [Tucket. Enter MONTJOY] MONTJOY Once more I come to know of thee, King Harry, If for thy ransom thou wilt now compound, Before thy most assured overthrow: For certainly thou art so near the gulf, Thou needs must be englutted. Besides, in mercy, The constable desires thee thou wilt mind Thy followers of repentance; that their souls May make a peaceful and a sweet retire From off these fields, where, wretches, their poor bodies Must lie and fester. KING HENRY V Who hath sent thee now? MONTJOY The Constable of France. KING HENRY V I pray thee, bear my former answer back: Bid them achieve me and then sell my bones. Good God! why should they mock poor fellows thus? The man that once did sell the lion's skin While the beast lived, was killed with hunting him. A many of our bodies shall no doubt Find native graves; upon the which, I trust, Shall witness live in brass of this day's work: And those that leave their valiant bones in France, Dying like men, though buried in your dunghills, They shall be famed; for there the sun shall greet them, And draw their honours reeking up to heaven; Leaving their earthly parts to choke your clime, The smell whereof shall breed a plague in France. Mark then abounding valour in our English, That being dead, like to the bullet's grazing, Break out into a second course of mischief, Killing in relapse of mortality. Let me speak proudly: tell the constable We are but warriors for the working-day; Our gayness and our gilt are all besmirch'd With rainy marching in the painful field; There's not a piece of feather in our host-- Good argument, I hope, we will not fly-- And time hath worn us into slovenry: But, by the mass, our hearts are in the trim; And my poor soldiers tell me, yet ere night They'll be in fresher robes, or they will pluck The gay new coats o'er the French soldiers' heads And turn them out of service. If they do this,-- As, if God please, they shall,--my ransom then Will soon be levied. Herald, save thou thy labour; Come thou no more for ransom, gentle herald: They shall have none, I swear, but these my joints; Which if they have as I will leave 'em them, Shall yield them little, tell the constable. MONTJOY I shall, King Harry. And so fare thee well: Thou never shalt hear herald any more. [Exit] KING HENRY V I fear thou'lt once more come again for ransom. [Enter YORK] YORK My lord, most humbly on my knee I beg The leading of the vaward. KING HENRY V Take it, brave York. Now, soldiers, march away: And how thou pleasest, God, dispose the day! [Exeunt]
Modern English
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This scene is the rhetorical and emotional climax of the play. The Saint Crispin's Day speech is a masterclass in epideictic oratory — speech designed to praise and inspire — and Shakespeare structures it with deliberate escalation: from personal honour, to communal memory, to mythic immortality. Henry begins by reframing scarcity as advantage, inverting Westmoreland's anxiety so that the small army becomes a mark of distinction rather than a liability. The logic is seductive: the fewer who share the glory, the richer each man's portion.Central to the speech is the theme of collective identity forged through shared suffering. The famous phrase 'we few, we happy few, we band of brothers' collapses the hierarchies of feudal society — 'be he ne'er so vile, / This day shall gentle his condition' — suggesting that martial participation confers nobility regardless of birth. This is a radical, if temporary, democratisation of honour, and it functions as a powerful motivational strategy while simultaneously raising questions about whether Henry's egalitarianism is sincere or instrumental.Shakespeare also foregrounds memory and narrative as sources of meaning. Henry's prophecy — that old men will 'strip his sleeve and show his scars' and teach the story to their sons — transforms...

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"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;" — King Henry V (4.3)

"If we are mark'd to die, we are enow To do our country loss; and if to live, The fewer men, the greater share of honour." — King Henry V (4.3)

"This day shall gentle his condition:" — King Henry V (4.3)

"Old men forget: yet all shall be forgot, But he'll remember with advantages What feats he did that day:" — King Henry V (4.3)

"We are but warriors for the working-day; Our gayness and our gilt are all besmirch'd With rainy marching in the painful field;" — King Henry V (4.3)

"The man that once did sell the lion's skin While the beast lived, was killed with hunting him." — King Henry V (4.3)

"All things are ready, if our minds be so." — King Henry V (4.3)

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Mr. Shifflett
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