Henry V Study Guide

Act II, Scene 4

France. The King's palace

Scene Summary

At the French royal palace, the King urges his nobles and the Dauphin to fortify France's defences against the approaching English army. The Dauphin dismisses Henry V as a vain, shallow youth unworthy of fear, but the Constable warns that Henry's wild past was a calculated disguise, like the Roman Brutus. The French King, recalling the devastating defeat at Crécy under the Black Prince, insists they take the threat seriously.

English ambassadors arrive, led by Exeter, who formally demands that the French King surrender the crown of France to Henry on the grounds of lawful inheritance from Edward III, threatening devastating war if refused. Exeter separately delivers Henry's message of scorn and defiance to the Dauphin, referencing the insulting gift of tennis balls. The French King defers his answer until the following day, while Exeter warns that Henry has already landed in France.

Translation Style
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Original Text
[Flourish. Enter the FRENCH KING, the DAUPHIN, the DUKES of BERRI and BRETAGNE, the Constable, and others] KING OF FRANCE Thus comes the English with full power upon us; And more than carefully it us concerns To answer royally in our defences. Therefore the Dukes of Berri and of Bretagne, Of Brabant and of Orleans, shall make forth, And you, Prince Dauphin, with all swift dispatch, To line and new repair our towns of war With men of courage and with means defendant; For England his approaches makes as fierce As waters to the sucking of a gulf. It fits us then to be as provident As fear may teach us out of late examples Left by the fatal and neglected English Upon our fields. DAUPHIN My most redoubted father, It is most meet we arm us 'gainst the foe; For peace itself should not so dull a kingdom, Though war nor no known quarrel were in question, But that defences, musters, preparations, Should be maintain'd, assembled and collected, As were a war in expectation. Therefore, I say 'tis meet we all go forth To view the sick and feeble parts of France: And let us do it with no show of fear; No, with no more than if we heard that England Were busied with a Whitsun morris-dance: For, my good liege, she is so idly king'd, Her sceptre so fantastically borne By a vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth, That fear attends her not. CONSTABLE O peace, Prince Dauphin! You are too much mistaken in this king: Question your grace the late ambassadors, With what great state he heard their embassy, How well supplied with noble counsellors, How modest in exception, and withal How terrible in constant resolution, And you shall find his vanities forespent Were but the outside of the Roman Brutus, Covering discretion with a coat of folly; As gardeners do with ordure hide those roots That shall first spring and be most delicate. DAUPHIN Well, 'tis not so, my lord high constable; But though we think it so, it is no matter: In cases of defence 'tis best to weigh The enemy more mighty than he seems: So the proportions of defence are fill'd; Which of a weak or niggardly projection Doth, like a miser, spoil his coat with scanting A little cloth. KING OF FRANCE Think we King Harry strong; And, princes, look you strongly arm to meet him. The kindred of him hath been flesh'd upon us; And he is bred out of that bloody strain That haunted us in our familiar paths: Witness our too much memorable shame When Cressy battle fatally was struck, And all our princes captiv'd by the hand Of that black name, Edward, Black Prince of Wales; Whiles that his mountain sire, on mountain standing, Up in the air, crown'd with the golden sun, Saw his heroical seed, and smiled to see him, Mangle the work of nature and deface The patterns that by God and by French fathers Had twenty years been made. This is a stem Of that victorious stock; and let us fear The native mightiness and fate of him. [Enter a Messenger] MESSENGER Ambassadors from Harry King of England Do crave admittance to your majesty. KING OF FRANCE We'll give them present audience. Go, and bring them. [Exeunt Messenger and certain Lords] You see this chase is hotly follow'd, friends. DAUPHIN Turn head, and stop pursuit; for coward dogs Most spend their mouths when what they seem to threaten Runs far before them. Good my sovereign, Take up the English short, and let them know Of what a monarchy you are the head: Self-love, my liege, is not so vile a sin As self-neglecting. [Re-enter Lords, with EXETER and train] KING OF FRANCE From our brother England? EXETER From him; and thus he greets your majesty. He wills you, in the name of God Almighty, That you divest yourself, and lay apart The borrow'd glories that by gift of heaven, By law of nature and of nations, 'long To him and to his heirs; namely, the crown And all wide-stretched honours that pertain By custom and the ordinance of times Unto the crown of France. That you may know 'Tis no sinister nor no awkward claim, Pick'd from the worm-holes of long-vanish'd days, Nor from the dust of old oblivion raked, He sends you this most memorable line, In every branch truly demonstrative; Willing to overlook this pedigree: And when you find him evenly derived From his most famed of famous ancestors, Edward the Third, he bids you then resign Your crown and kingdom, indirectly held From him the native and true challenger. KING OF FRANCE Or else what follows? EXETER Bloody constraint; for if you hide the crown Even in your hearts, there will he rake for it: Therefore in fierce tempest is he coming, In thunder and in earthquake, like a Jove, That, if requiring fail, he will compel; And bids you, in the bowels of the Lord, Deliver up the crown, and to take mercy On the poor souls for whom this hungry war Opens his vasty jaws; and on your head Turning the widows' tears, the orphans' cries The dead men's blood, the pining maidens groans, For husbands, fathers and betrothed lovers, That shall be swallow'd in this controversy. This is his claim, his threatening and my message; Unless the Dauphin be in presence here, To whom expressly I bring greeting too. KING OF FRANCE For us, we will consider of this further: To-morrow shall you bear our full intent Back to our brother England. DAUPHIN For the Dauphin, I stand here for him: what to him from England? EXETER Scorn and defiance; slight regard, contempt, And any thing that may not misbecome The mighty sender, doth he prize you at. Thus says my king; an' if your father's highness Do not, in grant of all demands at large, Sweeten the bitter mock you sent his majesty, He'll call you to so hot an answer of it, That caves and womby vaultages of France Shall chide your trespass and return your mock In second accent of his ordnance. DAUPHIN Say, if my father render fair return, It is against my will; for I desire Nothing but odds with England: to that end, As matching to his youth and vanity, I did present him with the Paris balls. EXETER He'll make your Paris Louvre shake for it, Were it the mistress-court of mighty Europe: And, be assured, you'll find a difference, As we his subjects have in wonder found, Between the promise of his greener days And these he masters now: now he weighs time Even to the utmost grain: that you shall read In your own losses, if he stay in France. KING OF FRANCE To-morrow shall you know our mind at full. EXETER Dispatch us with all speed, lest that our king Come here himself to question our delay; For he is footed in this land already. KING OF FRANCE You shall be soon dispatch's with fair conditions: A night is but small breath and little pause To answer matters of this consequence. [Flourish. Exeunt]
Modern English
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This scene functions as a crucial dramatic foil to the English court scenes, presenting the French perspective on Henry's invasion and thereby deepening the audience's understanding of the stakes involved. Shakespeare structures the scene around a central irony: the French are divided between dangerous complacency and well-founded fear, and it is the Dauphin — the heir who should be most alert to dynastic threat — who is most dangerously mistaken. His dismissal of Henry as a "vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth" echoes the very reputation Henry deliberately cultivated in the Henry IV plays, making the Dauphin's error a kind of dramatic justice for those who did not witness Henry's transformation.The Constable's rebuttal introduces one of the play's most resonant motifs of concealment and revelation. His comparison of Henry to the Roman Brutus — who feigned foolishness to survive a tyrant — and to a gardener who covers roots with ordure so they may flourish, frames Henry's wild youth as strategic self-fashioning rather than genuine dissipation. This retrospective reinterpretation invites the audience to reconsider the entire arc of the Henriad, casting Henry as a figure of providential design whose true nature was always latent beneath a cultivated surface.The French King's speech...

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"For England his approaches makes as fierce As waters to the sucking of a gulf." — King of France (2.4)

"she is so idly king'd, Her sceptre so fantastically borne By a vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth, That fear attends her not." — Dauphin (2.4)

"his vanities forespent Were but the outside of the Roman Brutus, Covering discretion with a coat of folly; As gardeners do with ordure hide those roots That shall first spring and be most delicate." — Constable (2.4)

"Whiles that his mountain sire, on mountain standing, Up in the air, crown'd with the golden sun, Saw his heroical seed, and smiled to see him, Mangle the work of nature and deface The patterns that by God and by French fathers Had twenty years been made." — King of France (2.4)

"Therefore in fierce tempest is he coming, In thunder and in earthquake, like a Jove, That, if requiring fail, he will compel;" — Exeter (2.4)

"Turning the widows' tears, the orphans' cries The dead men's blood, the pining maidens groans, For husbands, fathers and betrothed lovers, That shall be swallow'd in this controversy." — Exeter (2.4)

"now he weighs time Even to the utmost grain: that you shall read In your own losses, if he stay in France." — Exeter (2.4)

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