Henry V Study Guide

Act II, Scene 2

Southampton. A council-chamber

Scene Summary

Before Henry arrives, Bedford, Exeter, and Westmoreland note that the king already knows of the conspiracy hatched by Cambridge, Scroop, and Grey. Henry enters and stages an elaborate test, praising the loyalty of all around him and demonstrating mercy by pardoning a drunken soldier who insulted him — a mercy the three traitors pointedly argue against. He then hands them sealed papers he claims are their commissions, which in fact detail their treachery.

Confronted with the evidence, Cambridge, Scroop, and Grey confess and submit to Henry's judgment. Henry delivers a passionate denunciation, reserving his most anguished words for Scroop, his intimate friend, whose betrayal he likens to the Fall of Man. He sentences all three to death, then turns swiftly to his lords, framing the foiled plot as divine providence clearing the path to France.

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Original Text
[Enter EXETER, BEDFORD, and WESTMORELAND] BEDFORD 'Fore God, his grace is bold, to trust these traitors. EXETER They shall be apprehended by and by. WESTMORELAND How smooth and even they do bear themselves! As if allegiance in their bosoms sat, Crowned with faith and constant loyalty. BEDFORD The king hath note of all that they intend, By interception which they dream not of. EXETER Nay, but the man that was his bedfellow, Whom he hath dull'd and cloy'd with gracious favours, That he should, for a foreign purse, so sell His sovereign's life to death and treachery. [Trumpets sound. Enter KING HENRY V, SCROOP, CAMBRIDGE, GREY, and Attendants] KING HENRY V Now sits the wind fair, and we will aboard. My Lord of Cambridge, and my kind Lord of Masham, And you, my gentle knight, give me your thoughts: Think you not that the powers we bear with us Will cut their passage through the force of France, Doing the execution and the act For which we have in head assembled them? SCROOP No doubt, my liege, if each man do his best. KING HENRY V I doubt not that; since we are well persuaded We carry not a heart with us from hence That grows not in a fair consent with ours, Nor leave not one behind that doth not wish Success and conquest to attend on us. CAMBRIDGE Never was monarch better fear'd and loved Than is your majesty: there's not, I think, a subject That sits in heart-grief and uneasiness Under the sweet shade of your government. GREY True: those that were your father's enemies Have steep'd their galls in honey and do serve you With hearts create of duty and of zeal. KING HENRY V We therefore have great cause of thankfulness; And shall forget the office of our hand, Sooner than quittance of desert and merit According to the weight and worthiness. SCROOP So service shall with steeled sinews toil, And labour shall refresh itself with hope, To do your grace incessant services. KING HENRY V We judge no less. Uncle of Exeter, Enlarge the man committed yesterday, That rail'd against our person: we consider it was excess of wine that set him on; And on his more advice we pardon him. SCROOP That's mercy, but too much security: Let him be punish'd, sovereign, lest example Breed, by his sufferance, more of such a kind. KING HENRY V O, let us yet be merciful. CAMBRIDGE So may your highness, and yet punish too. GREY Sir, You show great mercy, if you give him life, After the taste of much correction. KING HENRY V Alas, your too much love and care of me Are heavy orisons 'gainst this poor wretch! If little faults, proceeding on distemper, Shall not be wink'd at, how shall we stretch our eye When capital crimes, chew'd, swallow'd and digested, Appear before us? We'll yet enlarge that man, Though Cambridge, Scroop and Grey, in their dear care And tender preservation of our person, Would have him punished. And now to our French causes: Who are the late commissioners? CAMBRIDGE I one, my lord: Your highness bade me ask for it to-day. SCROOP So did you me, my liege. GREY And I, my royal sovereign. KING HENRY V Then, Richard Earl of Cambridge, there is yours; There yours, Lord Scroop of Masham; and, sir knight, Grey of Northumberland, this same is yours: Read them; and know, I know your worthiness. My Lord of Westmoreland, and uncle Exeter, We will aboard to night. Why, how now, gentlemen! What see you in those papers that you lose So much complexion? Look ye, how they change! Their cheeks are paper. Why, what read you there That hath so cowarded and chased your blood Out of appearance? CAMBRIDGE I do confess my fault; And do submit me to your highness' mercy. GREY SCROOP To which we all appeal. KING HENRY V The mercy that was quick in us but late, By your own counsel is suppress'd and kill'd: You must not dare, for shame, to talk of mercy; For your own reasons turn into your bosoms, As dogs upon their masters, worrying you. See you, my princes, and my noble peers, These English monsters! My Lord of Cambridge here, You know how apt our love was to accord To furnish him with all appertinents Belonging to his honour; and this man Hath, for a few light crowns, lightly conspired, And sworn unto the practises of France, To kill us here in Hampton: to the which This knight, no less for bounty bound to us Than Cambridge is, hath likewise sworn. But, O, What shall I say to thee, Lord Scroop? thou cruel, Ingrateful, savage and inhuman creature! Thou that didst bear the key of all my counsels, That knew'st the very bottom of my soul, That almost mightst have coin'd me into gold, Wouldst thou have practised on me for thy use, May it be possible, that foreign hire Could out of thee extract one spark of evil That might annoy my finger? 'tis so strange, That, though the truth of it stands off as gross As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it. Treason and murder ever kept together, As two yoke-devils sworn to either's purpose, Working so grossly in a natural cause, That admiration did not whoop at them: But thou, 'gainst all proportion, didst bring in Wonder to wait on treason and on murder: And whatsoever cunning fiend it was That wrought upon thee so preposterously Hath got the voice in hell for excellence: All other devils that suggest by treasons Do botch and bungle up damnation With patches, colours, and with forms being fetch'd From glistering semblances of piety; But he that temper'd thee bade thee stand up, Gave thee no instance why thou shouldst do treason, Unless to dub thee with the name of traitor. If that same demon that hath gull'd thee thus Should with his lion gait walk the whole world, He might return to vasty Tartar back, And tell the legions 'I can never win A soul so easy as that Englishman's.' O, how hast thou with 'jealousy infected The sweetness of affiance! Show men dutiful? Why, so didst thou: seem they grave and learned? Why, so didst thou: come they of noble family? Why, so didst thou: seem they religious? Why, so didst thou: or are they spare in diet, Free from gross passion or of mirth or anger, Constant in spirit, not swerving with the blood, Garnish'd and deck'd in modest complement, Not working with the eye without the ear, And but in purged judgment trusting neither? Such and so finely bolted didst thou seem: And thus thy fall hath left a kind of blot, To mark the full-fraught man and best indued With some suspicion. I will weep for thee; For this revolt of thine, methinks, is like Another fall of man. Their faults are open: Arrest them to the answer of the law; And God acquit them of their practises! EXETER I arrest thee of high treason, by the name of Richard Earl of Cambridge. I arrest thee of high treason, by the name of Henry Lord Scroop of Masham. I arrest thee of high treason, by the name of Thomas Grey, knight, of Northumberland. SCROOP Our purposes God justly hath discover'd; And I repent my fault more than my death; Which I beseech your highness to forgive, Although my body pay the price of it. CAMBRIDGE For me, the gold of France did not seduce; Although I did admit it as a motive The sooner to effect what I intended: But God be thanked for prevention; Which I in sufferance heartily will rejoice, Beseeching God and you to pardon me. GREY Never did faithful subject more rejoice At the discovery of most dangerous treason Than I do at this hour joy o'er myself. Prevented from a damned enterprise: My fault, but not my body, pardon, sovereign. KING HENRY V God quit you in his mercy! Hear your sentence. You have conspired against our royal person, Join'd with an enemy proclaim'd and from his coffers Received the golden earnest of our death; Wherein you would have sold your king to slaughter, His princes and his peers to servitude, His subjects to oppression and contempt And his whole kingdom into desolation. Touching our person seek we no revenge; But we our kingdom's safety must so tender, Whose ruin you have sought, that to her laws We do deliver you. Get you therefore hence, Poor miserable wretches, to your death: The taste whereof, God of his mercy give You patience to endure, and true repentance Of all your dear offences! Bear them hence. [Exeunt CAMBRIDGE, SCROOP and GREY, guarded] Now, lords, for France; the enterprise whereof Shall be to you, as us, like glorious. We doubt not of a fair and lucky war, Since God so graciously hath brought to light This dangerous treason lurking in our way To hinder our beginnings. We doubt not now But every rub is smoothed on our way. Then forth, dear countrymen: let us deliver Our puissance into the hand of God, Putting it straight in expedition. Cheerly to sea; the signs of war advance: No king of England, if not king of France. [Exeunt]
Modern English
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The scene is structured as a carefully choreographed dramatic irony, in which the audience and Henry's loyal lords share knowledge the traitors lack. Henry's opening questions about the campaign's prospects, and his conspicuous praise of the men he is about to expose, function as a controlled theatrical trap. This staging positions Henry as a figure of near-omniscient royal authority: he does not merely react to treason but orchestrates its unmasking, demonstrating that kingship requires political intelligence as much as martial courage.The mercy episode — Henry's pardon of the drunken soldier — is a masterstroke of dramatic irony and moral entrapment. By urging severity, Scroop, Cambridge, and Grey inadvertently argue against the very mercy they will shortly beg for themselves. Henry makes this explicit: 'The mercy that was quick in us but late, / By your own counsel is suppress'd and kill'd.' Their own words become, as Henry says, 'dogs upon their masters, worrying you,' a vivid image of self-destruction through hypocrisy.Henry's address to Scroop is the emotional and rhetorical centrepiece of the scene. The speech moves through genuine bewilderment, grief, and theological horror. Scroop's betrayal is framed not merely as political crime but as a cosmic violation: 'this revolt of...

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"How smooth and even they do bear themselves! / As if allegiance in their bosoms sat, / Crowned with faith and constant loyalty." — Westmoreland (2.2)

"The mercy that was quick in us but late, / By your own counsel is suppress'd and kill'd: / You must not dare, for shame, to talk of mercy; / For your own reasons turn into your bosoms, / As dogs upon their masters, worrying you." — King Henry V (2.2)

"Thou that didst bear the key of all my counsels, / That knew'st the very bottom of my soul, / That almost mightst have coin'd me into gold, / Wouldst thou have practised on me for thy use," — King Henry V (2.2)

"For this revolt of thine, methinks, is like / Another fall of man." — King Henry V (2.2)

"Such and so finely bolted didst thou seem: / And thus thy fall hath left a kind of blot, / To mark the full-fraught man and best indued / With some suspicion." — King Henry V (2.2)

"No king of England, if not king of France." — King Henry V (2.2)

"Since God so graciously hath brought to light / This dangerous treason lurking in our way / To hinder our beginnings. We doubt not now / But every rub is smoothed on our way." — King Henry V (2.2)

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