Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Four, Chapter 2

Chapter Summary

Vronsky receives a note from Anna urging him to visit that evening while Karenin attends the council. After lunch, Vronsky falls into a disturbed sleep haunted by a dream of a dirty, disheveled peasant muttering incomprehensible French words—a vision that fills him with inexplicable dread. He wakes, dismisses the dream, and hurries to the Karenins' house, arriving nearly simultaneously with Karenin's departure. The two men meet awkwardly in the doorway; Karenin's pale, hollow face and passive silence unsettle Vronsky more than open confrontation would.

Entering the house, Vronsky reflects bitterly that Karenin's weakness forces him into the role of deceiver. He acknowledges inwardly that his passion for Anna has grown consuming, displacing his earlier ambitions. Anna greets him with tears, confessing she has waited in agony, and the chapter closes on her gazing at him intently, trying to reconcile the real man before her with the idealized image she carries in her mind.

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Original Text
When he got home, Vronsky found there a note from Anna. She wrote, “I am ill and unhappy. I cannot come out, but I cannot go on longer without seeing you. Come in this evening. Alexey Alexandrovitch goes to the council at seven and will be there till ten.” Thinking for an instant of the strangeness of her bidding him come straight to her, in spite of her husband’s insisting on her not receiving him, he decided to go. Vronsky had that winter got his promotion, was now a colonel, had left the regimental quarters, and was living alone. After having some lunch, he lay down on the sofa immediately, and in five minutes memories of the hideous scenes he had witnessed during the last few days were confused together and joined on to a mental image of Anna and of the peasant who had played an important part in the bear hunt, and Vronsky fell asleep. He waked up in the dark, trembling with horror, and made haste to light a candle. “What was it? What? What was the dreadful thing I dreamed? Yes, yes; I think a little dirty man with a disheveled beard was stooping down doing something, and all of a sudden he began saying some strange words in French. Yes, there was nothing else in the dream,” he said to himself. “But why was it so awful?” He vividly recalled the peasant again and those incomprehensible French words the peasant had uttered, and a chill of horror ran down his spine. “What nonsense!” thought Vronsky, and glanced at his watch. It was half-past eight already. He rang up his servant, dressed in haste, and went out onto the steps, completely forgetting the dream and only worried at being late. As he drove up to the Karenins’ entrance he looked at his watch and saw it was ten minutes to nine. A high, narrow carriage with a pair of grays was standing at the entrance. He recognized Anna’s carriage. “She is coming to me,” thought Vronsky, “and better she should. I don’t like going into that house. But no matter; I can’t hide myself,” he thought, and with that manner peculiar to him from childhood, as of a man who has nothing to be ashamed of, Vronsky got out of his sledge and went to the door. The door opened, and the hall-porter with a rug on his arm called the carriage. Vronsky, though he did not usually notice details, noticed at this moment the amazed expression with which the porter glanced at him. In the very doorway Vronsky almost ran up against Alexey Alexandrovitch. The gas jet threw its full light on the bloodless, sunken face under the black hat and on the white cravat, brilliant against the beaver of the coat. Karenin’s fixed, dull eyes were fastened upon Vronsky’s face. Vronsky bowed, and Alexey Alexandrovitch, chewing his lips, lifted his hand to his hat and went on. Vronsky saw him without looking round get into the carriage, pick up the rug and the opera-glass at the window and disappear. Vronsky went into the hall. His brows were scowling, and his eyes gleamed with a proud and angry light in them. “What a position!” he thought. “If he would fight, would stand up for his honor, I could act, could express my feelings; but this weakness or baseness.... He puts me in the position of playing false, which I never meant and never mean to do.” Vronsky’s ideas had changed since the day of his conversation with Anna in the Vrede garden. Unconsciously yielding to the weakness of Anna—who had surrendered herself up to him utterly, and simply looked to him to decide her fate, ready to submit to anything—he had long ceased to think that their tie might end as he had thought then. His ambitious plans had retreated into the background again, and feeling that he had got out of that circle of activity in which everything was definite, he had given himself entirely to his passion, and that passion was binding him more and more closely to her. He was still in the hall when he caught the sound of her retreating footsteps. He knew she had been expecting him, had listened for him, and was now going back to the drawing-room. “No,” she cried, on seeing him, and at the first sound of her voice the tears came into her eyes. “No; if things are to go on like this, the end will come much, much too soon.” “What is it, dear one?” “What? I’ve been waiting in agony for an hour, two hours ... No, I won’t ... I can’t quarrel with you. Of course you couldn’t come. No, I won’t.” She laid her two hands on his shoulders, and looked a long while at him with a profound, passionate, and at the same time searching look. She was studying his face to make up for the time she had not seen him. She was, every time she saw him, making the picture of him in her imagination (incomparably superior, impossible in reality) fit with him as he really was.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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The chapter opens a sustained meditation on fate and unconscious dread through Vronsky's dream. The peasant figure—dirty, disheveled, muttering in French—is one of Tolstoy's most celebrated prophetic symbols: the image will recur at critical moments in the novel, ultimately connecting to Anna's death. Its inexplicability is the point; Vronsky cannot decode it, just as neither he nor Anna can read the trajectory of their passion. The dream's horror is felt in the body before the mind can process it, anticipating the novel's argument that the deepest truths operate below rational consciousness.

The encounter with Karenin in the doorway is a masterpiece of dramatic irony and social theater. Tolstoy renders Karenin through a series of cold, clinical details—"bloodless, sunken face," "fixed, dull eyes," the mechanical gesture of lifting a hand to his hat—that make him simultaneously pitiable and oppressive. The gas-jet lighting functions almost as a theatrical spotlight, exposing the moral tableau: the husband, the lover, the silent collision of two worlds. Karenin's passivity is more devastating to Vronsky than aggression would be, because it denies him the clean grammar of honor and combat.

Vronsky's interior monologue—"If he would fight, would stand up for his honor, I could act"—reveals the aristocratic code by which he organizes his self-image. He is not troubled by adultery per se but by being cast as a deceiver within a social script that offers no honorable exit. This is a crucial moment of character development: Vronsky is shown to be less a romantic hero than a man of convention, uncomfortable precisely because the situation exceeds the conventions that normally govern his behavior.

The narrator's aside about Vronsky's changed ambitions—his military plans retreating as passion advances—frames the love affair as a kind of gravitational capture. The language of surrender is notably asymmetrical: Anna has "surrendered herself up to him utterly," while Vronsky has merely "given himself entirely to his passion." He is bound to a feeling; she is bound to a person. This asymmetry quietly forecasts the novel's tragic imbalance.

Anna's closing gesture—studying Vronsky's face "to make up for the time she had not seen him" and trying to reconcile the real man with "the picture of him in her imagination (incomparably superior, impossible in reality)"—introduces the theme of idealization versus reality that will corrode the relationship. Tolstoy's parenthetical is devastating in its precision: the ideal is explicitly "impossible in reality," yet Anna cannot stop constructing it. Her love is partly a work of fiction she authors herself, and the chapter ends on the quiet tragedy of that gap.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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