Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Five, Chapter 10

Chapter Summary

The painter Mihailov is at work in his studio when a domestic quarrel with his wife interrupts him. Furious, he retreats to his workroom and, channelling his agitation, achieves a creative breakthrough: a grease stain on a discarded sketch suggests a new pose for a figure, and the remembered face of a cigar-seller supplies the chin that brings the drawing to life. He reconciles briefly with his wife and prepares to receive his visitors.

When the cards of Count Vronsky and Golenishtchev are delivered, Mihailov sets aside his creative elation and hurries to meet them. As he approaches the entrance, he instinctively absorbs the image of Anna standing in soft light—storing it as raw material the way he stored the shopkeeper's chin. Despite his inner excitement about his masterwork, he makes an unprepossessing external impression on the visitors, who have already been unfavourably primed by Golenishtchev's description.

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Original Text
The artist Mihailov was, as always, at work when the cards of Count Vronsky and Golenishtchev were brought to him. In the morning he had been working in his studio at his big picture. On getting home he flew into a rage with his wife for not having managed to put off the landlady, who had been asking for money. “I’ve said it to you twenty times, don’t enter into details. You’re fool enough at all times, and when you start explaining things in Italian you’re a fool three times as foolish,” he said after a long dispute. “Don’t let it run so long; it’s not my fault. If I had the money....” “Leave me in peace, for God’s sake!” Mihailov shrieked, with tears in his voice, and, stopping his ears, he went off into his working room, the other side of a partition wall, and closed the door after him. “Idiotic woman!” he said to himself, sat down to the table, and, opening a portfolio, he set to work at once with peculiar fervor at a sketch he had begun. Never did he work with such fervor and success as when things went ill with him, and especially when he quarreled with his wife. “Oh! damn them all!” he thought as he went on working. He was making a sketch for the figure of a man in a violent rage. A sketch had been made before, but he was dissatisfied with it. “No, that one was better ... where is it?” He went back to his wife, and scowling, and not looking at her, asked his eldest little girl, where was that piece of paper he had given them? The paper with the discarded sketch on it was found, but it was dirty, and spotted with candle-grease. Still, he took the sketch, laid it on his table, and, moving a little away, screwing up his eyes, he fell to gazing at it. All at once he smiled and gesticulated gleefully. “That’s it! that’s it!” he said, and, at once picking up the pencil, he began rapidly drawing. The spot of tallow had given the man a new pose. He had sketched this new pose, when all at once he recalled the face of a shopkeeper of whom he had bought cigars, a vigorous face with a prominent chin, and he sketched this very face, this chin on to the figure of the man. He laughed aloud with delight. The figure from a lifeless imagined thing had become living, and such that it could never be changed. That figure lived, and was clearly and unmistakably defined. The sketch might be corrected in accordance with the requirements of the figure, the legs, indeed, could and must be put differently, and the position of the left hand must be quite altered; the hair too might be thrown back. But in making these corrections he was not altering the figure but simply getting rid of what concealed the figure. He was, as it were, stripping off the wrappings which hindered it from being distinctly seen. Each new feature only brought out the whole figure in all its force and vigor, as it had suddenly come to him from the spot of tallow. He was carefully finishing the figure when the cards were brought him. “Coming, coming!” He went in to his wife. “Come, Sasha, don’t be cross!” he said, smiling timidly and affectionately at her. “You were to blame. I was to blame. I’ll make it all right.” And having made peace with his wife he put on an olive-green overcoat with a velvet collar and a hat, and went towards his studio. The successful figure he had already forgotten. Now he was delighted and excited at the visit of these people of consequence, Russians, who had come in their carriage. Of his picture, the one that stood now on his easel, he had at the bottom of his heart one conviction—that no one had ever painted a picture like it. He did not believe that his picture was better than all the pictures of Raphael, but he knew that what he tried to convey in that picture, no one ever had conveyed. This he knew positively, and had known a long while, ever since he had begun to paint it. But other people’s criticisms, whatever they might be, had yet immense consequence in his eyes, and they agitated him to the depths of his soul. Any remark, the most insignificant, that showed that the critic saw even the tiniest part of what he saw in the picture, agitated him to the depths of his soul. He always attributed to his critics a more profound comprehension than he had himself, and always expected from them something he did not himself see in the picture. And often in their criticisms he fancied that he had found this. He walked rapidly to the door of his studio, and in spite of his excitement he was struck by the soft light on Anna’s figure as she stood in the shade of the entrance listening to Golenishtchev, who was eagerly telling her something, while she evidently wanted to look round at the artist. He was himself unconscious how, as he approached them, he seized on this impression and absorbed it, as he had the chin of the shopkeeper who had sold him the cigars, and put it away somewhere to be brought out when he wanted it. The visitors, not agreeably impressed beforehand by Golenishtchev’s account of the artist, were still less so by his personal appearance. Thick-set and of middle height, with nimble movements, with his brown hat, olive-green coat and narrow trousers—though wide trousers had been a long while in fashion,—most of all, with the ordinariness of his broad face, and the combined expression of timidity and anxiety to keep up his dignity, Mihailov made an unpleasant impression. “Please step in,” he said, trying to look indifferent, and going into the passage he took a key out of his pocket and opened the door.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter offers Tolstoy's most sustained meditation on artistic creation in the novel. The genesis of Mihailov's breakthrough—a tallow stain redirecting a pose, a shopkeeper's chin completing a figure—dramatises a theory of art as discovery rather than invention. Tolstoy presents the artist not as a wilful maker but as someone who strips away 'wrappings' to reveal a form that already exists latently: 'He was, as it were, stripping off the wrappings which hindered it from being distinctly seen.' This language anticipates twentieth-century ideas about artistic immanence and aligns with Tolstoy's own aesthetic convictions about sincerity over technique.

The quarrel with his wife functions as more than domestic colour; it is structurally necessary. Mihailov's creative intensity is explicitly fuelled by emotional turbulence—'Never did he work with such fervor and success as when things went ill with him'—establishing a link between suffering and artistic productivity that echoes the novel's broader concern with the costs of passionate feeling. The rage he sketches is, in a sense, his own rage externalised and mastered through form.

Mihailov's psychology around critical reception is rendered with remarkable precision. He holds simultaneously a private certainty that his picture is unique and an almost pathological dependence on external validation: 'Any remark, the most insignificant, that showed that the critic saw even the tiniest part of what he saw in the picture, agitated him to the depths of his soul.' This paradox—supreme inner confidence coexisting with acute social anxiety—humanises the artist and complicates any simple reading of him as a figure of pure creative authority.

The moment Mihailov unconsciously 'seizes on' Anna's image in the doorway—absorbing it 'as he had the chin of the shopkeeper'—is a pivotal instance of the artist's gaze as an amoral, involuntary act of appropriation. Anna becomes raw material before she becomes a social acquaintance, suggesting that artistic vision operates outside conventional moral or relational categories. This prefigures the portrait sessions to come and raises questions about objectification that Tolstoy leaves deliberately unresolved.

Finally, the chapter enacts a gap between inner and outer life that pervades the novel. Mihailov's olive-green coat, broad face, and anxious dignity produce an 'unpleasant impression' entirely at odds with the visionary intelligence the reader has just witnessed. Tolstoy's irony is gentle but pointed: the visitors, pre-conditioned by Golenishtchev's dismissive account, are incapable of reading the man before them. The chapter thus positions social perception as a poor instrument for apprehending genuine worth—a theme that resonates far beyond the painter's studio.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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