Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Seven, Chapter 18

Chapter Summary

Stepan Arkadyevitch (Oblonsky) raises the subject of Anna with Alexey Alexandrovitch Karenin, pressing him to grant Anna a divorce and relieve her from her unbearable social position in Moscow. Oblonsky argues that Anna suffers daily, that Karenin once promised a divorce, and that granting it would cost Karenin nothing. He appeals to Karenin's pity, his Christianity, and his earlier magnanimity.

Karenin grows visibly agitated, insisting the matter was closed when Anna refused to surrender their son, and invoking Christian law as a barrier to divorce. When Oblonsky quotes scripture back at him, Karenin abruptly orders the subject dropped. He recovers enough composure to promise a final answer in two days, saying he must think the matter over and seek guidance.

Translation Style
✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
“Now there is something I want to talk about, and you know what it is. About Anna,” Stepan Arkadyevitch said, pausing for a brief space, and shaking off the unpleasant impression. As soon as Oblonsky uttered Anna’s name, the face of Alexey Alexandrovitch was completely transformed; all the life was gone out of it, and it looked weary and dead. “What is it exactly that you want from me?” he said, moving in his chair and snapping his pince-nez. “A definite settlement, Alexey Alexandrovitch, some settlement of the position. I’m appealing to you” (“not as an injured husband,” Stepan Arkadyevitch was going to say, but afraid of wrecking his negotiation by this, he changed the words) “not as a statesman” (which did not sound à propos), “but simply as a man, and a good-hearted man and a Christian. You must have pity on her,” he said. “That is, in what way precisely?” Karenin said softly. “Yes, pity on her. If you had seen her as I have!—I have been spending all the winter with her—you would have pity on her. Her position is awful, simply awful!” “I had imagined,” answered Alexey Alexandrovitch in a higher, almost shrill voice, “that Anna Arkadyevna had everything she had desired for herself.” “Oh, Alexey Alexandrovitch, for heaven’s sake, don’t let us indulge in recriminations! What is past is past, and you know what she wants and is waiting for—divorce.” “But I believe Anna Arkadyevna refuses a divorce, if I make it a condition to leave me my son. I replied in that sense, and supposed that the matter was ended. I consider it at an end,” shrieked Alexey Alexandrovitch. “But, for heaven’s sake, don’t get hot!” said Stepan Arkadyevitch, touching his brother-in-law’s knee. “The matter is not ended. If you will allow me to recapitulate, it was like this: when you parted, you were as magnanimous as could possibly be; you were ready to give her everything—freedom, divorce even. She appreciated that. No, don’t think that. She did appreciate it—to such a degree that at the first moment, feeling how she had wronged you, she did not consider and could not consider everything. She gave up everything. But experience, time, have shown that her position is unbearable, impossible.” “The life of Anna Arkadyevna can have no interest for me,” Alexey Alexandrovitch put in, lifting his eyebrows. “Allow me to disbelieve that,” Stepan Arkadyevitch replied gently. “Her position is intolerable for her, and of no benefit to anyone whatever. She has deserved it, you will say. She knows that and asks you for nothing; she says plainly that she dare not ask you. But I, all of us, her relatives, all who love her, beg you, entreat you. Why should she suffer? Who is any the better for it?” “Excuse me, you seem to put me in the position of the guilty party,” observed Alexey Alexandrovitch. “Oh, no, oh, no, not at all! please understand me,” said Stepan Arkadyevitch, touching his hand again, as though feeling sure this physical contact would soften his brother-in-law. “All I say is this: her position is intolerable, and it might be alleviated by you, and you will lose nothing by it. I will arrange it all for you, so that you’ll not notice it. You did promise it, you know.” “The promise was given before. And I had supposed that the question of my son had settled the matter. Besides, I had hoped that Anna Arkadyevna had enough generosity....” Alexey Alexandrovitch articulated with difficulty, his lips twitching and his face white. “She leaves it all to your generosity. She begs, she implores one thing of you—to extricate her from the impossible position in which she is placed. She does not ask for her son now. Alexey Alexandrovitch, you are a good man. Put yourself in her position for a minute. The question of divorce for her in her position is a question of life and death. If you had not promised it once, she would have reconciled herself to her position, she would have gone on living in the country. But you promised it, and she wrote to you, and moved to Moscow. And here she’s been for six months in Moscow, where every chance meeting cuts her to the heart, every day expecting an answer. Why, it’s like keeping a condemned criminal for six months with the rope round his neck, promising him perhaps death, perhaps mercy. Have pity on her, and I will undertake to arrange everything. Vos scrupules....” “I am not talking about that, about that....” Alexey Alexandrovitch interrupted with disgust. “But, perhaps, I promised what I had no right to promise.” “So you go back from your promise?” “I have never refused to do all that is possible, but I want time to consider how much of what I promised is possible.” “No, Alexey Alexandrovitch!” cried Oblonsky, jumping up, “I won’t believe that! She’s unhappy as only an unhappy woman can be, and you cannot refuse in such....” “As much of what I promised as is possible. Vous professez d’être libre penseur. But I as a believer cannot, in a matter of such gravity, act in opposition to the Christian law.” “But in Christian societies and among us, as far as I’m aware, divorce is allowed,” said Stepan Arkadyevitch. “Divorce is sanctioned even by our church. And we see....” “It is allowed, but not in the sense....” “Alexey Alexandrovitch, you are not like yourself,” said Oblonsky, after a brief pause. “Wasn’t it you (and didn’t we all appreciate it in you?) who forgave everything, and moved simply by Christian feeling was ready to make any sacrifice? You said yourself: if a man take thy coat, give him thy cloak also, and now....” “I beg,” said Alexey Alexandrovitch shrilly, getting suddenly onto his feet, his face white and his jaws twitching, “I beg you to drop this ... to drop ... this subject!” “Oh, no! Oh, forgive me, forgive me if I have wounded you,” said Stepan Arkadyevitch, holding out his hand with a smile of embarrassment; “but like a messenger I have simply performed the commission given me.” Alexey Alexandrovitch gave him his hand, pondered a little, and said: “I must think it over and seek for guidance. The day after tomorrow I will give you a final answer,” he said, after considering a moment.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter functions as a diplomatic negotiation scene in which Oblonsky serves as an intermediary, and Tolstoy uses the encounter to expose the gap between Karenin's public moral language and his private emotional state. The instant transformation of Karenin's face at the mention of Anna's name — described as looking 'weary and dead' — signals that his wound is far from healed, undercutting his later claim that Anna's life holds no interest for him. Tolstoy thus establishes self-deception as a central psychological mechanism for Karenin.

Oblonsky's rhetorical strategy is carefully staged and reveals his character as a skilled social operator. He abandons the phrase 'injured husband' mid-sentence, pivots through 'statesman,' and settles on 'a good-hearted man and a Christian,' demonstrating his instinct for the register most likely to move his interlocutor. His repeated physical touches — of Karenin's knee and hand — are calculated gestures of warmth, and Tolstoy notes that Oblonsky acts as though feeling sure this physical contact would soften his brother-in-law, gently ironising his manipulativeness even while presenting him sympathetically.

The chapter's most powerful rhetorical moment is Oblonsky's simile of the condemned criminal kept for six months with a rope round his neck. This image of suspended punishment anticipates the novel's tragic conclusion and frames Anna's social limbo as a form of slow execution. The metaphor shifts moral responsibility squarely onto Karenin, which is precisely why it provokes his most agitated response.

Religion and law form the chapter's ideological battleground. Karenin retreats into Christian doctrine as a shield, yet Oblonsky counters by citing the Church's own provision for divorce and, more pointedly, by quoting the Sermon on the Mount back at Karenin. The irony is acute: the very scripture Karenin once used to perform magnanimity now indicts his refusal to act on it. His order to drop the subject signals that the scriptural argument has struck home precisely because it exposes his inconsistency.

The chapter also advances Tolstoy's critique of institutional marriage and the social machinery that traps Anna. Karenin's hesitation is entangled with questions of custody, social reputation, and religious scruple, all of which the novel presents as instruments of patriarchal power. His final deferral — promising a definitive answer in two days while saying he must seek guidance — is characteristically Karenin: bureaucratic, non-committal, and ultimately another form of the prolonged torment Oblonsky has just described.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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