Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Three, Chapter 2

Chapter Summary

In early June, Agafea Mihalovna sprains her wrist, and the district doctor who attends her is drawn into an animated conversation with Sergey Ivanovitch Koznishev, leaving the intellectual in high spirits. Sergey Ivanovitch then accompanies his brother Konstantin Levin by trap to the meadows, where Sergey Ivanovitch wishes to fish. Along the way, Tolstoy offers an extended description of the countryside at the turning-point of summer.

While Sergey Ivanovitch fishes contentedly beneath a willow, Levin walks into the meadow, exchanges words with the peasant Fomitch about a stray swarm of bees and the timing of the mowing, and then returns to his brother. Eager to return home and organise the mowers, Levin grows impatient with Sergey Ivanovitch's leisurely appreciation of nature and his wish to linger by the river.

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Original Text
Early in June it happened that Agafea Mihalovna, the old nurse and housekeeper, in carrying to the cellar a jar of mushrooms she had just pickled, slipped, fell, and sprained her wrist. The district doctor, a talkative young medical student, who had just finished his studies, came to see her. He examined the wrist, said it was not broken, was delighted at a chance of talking to the celebrated Sergey Ivanovitch Koznishev, and to show his advanced views of things told him all the scandal of the district, complaining of the poor state into which the district council had fallen. Sergey Ivanovitch listened attentively, asked him questions, and, roused by a new listener, he talked fluently, uttered a few keen and weighty observations, respectfully appreciated by the young doctor, and was soon in that eager frame of mind his brother knew so well, which always, with him, followed a brilliant and eager conversation. After the departure of the doctor, he wanted to go with a fishing rod to the river. Sergey Ivanovitch was fond of angling, and was, it seemed, proud of being able to care for such a stupid occupation. Konstantin Levin, whose presence was needed in the plough land and meadows, had come to take his brother in the trap. It was that time of the year, the turning-point of summer, when the crops of the present year are a certainty, when one begins to think of the sowing for next year, and the mowing is at hand; when the rye is all in ear, though its ears are still light, not yet full, and it waves in gray-green billows in the wind; when the green oats, with tufts of yellow grass scattered here and there among it, droop irregularly over the late-sown fields; when the early buckwheat is already out and hiding the ground; when the fallow lands, trodden hard as stone by the cattle, are half ploughed over, with paths left untouched by the plough; when from the dry dung-heaps carted onto the fields there comes at sunset a smell of manure mixed with meadow-sweet, and on the low-lying lands the riverside meadows are a thick sea of grass waiting for the mowing, with blackened heaps of the stalks of sorrel among it. It was the time when there comes a brief pause in the toil of the fields before the beginning of the labors of harvest—every year recurring, every year straining every nerve of the peasants. The crop was a splendid one, and bright, hot summer days had set in with short, dewy nights. The brothers had to drive through the woods to reach the meadows. Sergey Ivanovitch was all the while admiring the beauty of the woods, which were a tangled mass of leaves, pointing out to his brother now an old lime tree on the point of flowering, dark on the shady side, and brightly spotted with yellow stipules, now the young shoots of this year’s saplings brilliant with emerald. Konstantin Levin did not like talking and hearing about the beauty of nature. Words for him took away the beauty of what he saw. He assented to what his brother said, but he could not help beginning to think of other things. When they came out of the woods, all his attention was engrossed by the view of the fallow land on the upland, in parts yellow with grass, in parts trampled and checkered with furrows, in parts dotted with ridges of dung, and in parts even ploughed. A string of carts was moving across it. Levin counted the carts, and was pleased that all that were wanted had been brought, and at the sight of the meadows his thoughts passed to the mowing. He always felt something special moving him to the quick at the hay-making. On reaching the meadow Levin stopped the horse. The morning dew was still lying on the thick undergrowth of the grass, and that he might not get his feet wet, Sergey Ivanovitch asked his brother to drive him in the trap up to the willow tree from which the carp was caught. Sorry as Konstantin Levin was to crush down his mowing grass, he drove him into the meadow. The high grass softly turned about the wheels and the horse’s legs, leaving its seeds clinging to the wet axles and spokes of the wheels. His brother seated himself under a bush, arranging his tackle, while Levin led the horse away, fastened him up, and walked into the vast gray-green sea of grass unstirred by the wind. The silky grass with its ripe seeds came almost to his waist in the dampest spots. Crossing the meadow, Konstantin Levin came out onto the road, and met an old man with a swollen eye, carrying a skep on his shoulder. “What? taken a stray swarm, Fomitch?” he asked. “No, indeed, Konstantin Dmitrich! All we can do to keep our own! This is the second swarm that has flown away.... Luckily the lads caught them. They were ploughing your field. They unyoked the horses and galloped after them.” “Well, what do you say, Fomitch—start mowing or wait a bit?” “Eh, well. Our way’s to wait till St. Peter’s Day. But you always mow sooner. Well, to be sure, please God, the hay’s good. There’ll be plenty for the beasts.” “What do you think about the weather?” “That’s in God’s hands. Maybe it will be fine.” Levin went up to his brother. Sergey Ivanovitch had caught nothing, but he was not bored, and seemed in the most cheerful frame of mind. Levin saw that, stimulated by his conversation with the doctor, he wanted to talk. Levin, on the other hand, would have liked to get home as soon as possible to give orders about getting together the mowers for next day, and to set at rest his doubts about the mowing, which greatly absorbed him. “Well, let’s be going,” he said. “Why be in such a hurry? Let’s stay a little. But how wet you are! Even though one catches nothing, it’s nice. That’s the best thing about every part of sport, that one has to do with nature. How exquisite this steely water is!” said Sergey Ivanovitch. “These riverside banks always remind me of the riddle—do you know it? ‘The grass says to the water: we quiver and we quiver.’” “I don’t know the riddle,” answered Levin wearily.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter establishes one of the novel's central fraternal contrasts: Sergey Ivanovitch, the celebrated intellectual, is energised by conversation and aesthetic contemplation, while Konstantin Levin is absorbed by practical agricultural labour and feels an almost physical bond with the land. Tolstoy makes the contrast structural as well as thematic, moving between the two brothers' perspectives so that each finds meaning in the same landscape through entirely different frameworks.

The celebrated pastoral description of midsummer is among the most sustained pieces of nature writing in the novel. Tolstoy's catalogue of sensory detail — rye ears 'still light, not yet full,' the smell of manure 'mixed with meadow-sweet,' the 'thick sea of grass' — functions not merely as backdrop but as a moral and temporal marker. The phrase 'the turning-point of summer' resonates beyond agriculture: it signals a moment of poise before effort, mirroring the novel's broader preoccupation with thresholds and transitions in human life.

Levin's discomfort when Sergey Ivanovitch verbalises the beauty of the woods is a key moment of epistemological characterisation. 'Words for him took away the beauty of what he saw' articulates Levin's essentially pre-linguistic, embodied relationship with nature — a Romantic and quasi-mystical sensibility that Tolstoy will develop throughout the novel. Sergey Ivanovitch, by contrast, mediates experience through language and social exchange, as shown by his pleasure in talking to the doctor and his fondness for riddles.

The brief exchange with Fomitch introduces the peasant wisdom motif that recurs throughout Levin's sections. Fomitch's deference to divine providence — 'That's in God's hands' — and his grounded knowledge of seasonal rhythms represent an alternative epistemology to both Sergey Ivanovitch's intellectual discourse and Levin's anxious rationalism. Levin's genuine engagement with the old man contrasts with his weary response to his brother's riddle, suggesting that authentic communication for Levin flows through work and shared practical life rather than wit or aesthetics.

The chapter closes on a note of comic irony: Sergey Ivanovitch, who has caught nothing, is perfectly content, while Levin, surrounded by the land he loves, is restless and distracted by duty. Tolstoy quietly implies that happiness and productivity are not the same thing, and that the intellectual's capacity for disinterested pleasure may be a form of freedom unavailable to the man who feels responsible for everything around him.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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