Anna Karenina Study Guide
Color Theme
Font Style
Sans Serif System Mono Accessible
Text Size

Part Four, Chapter 13

Chapter Summary

After dinner at the Oblonskys', Levin lingers among the men but remains acutely aware of Kitty across the room. When she appears at the doorway, they begin a private conversation about the nature of argument, and Kitty instantly grasps an idea Levin struggles to articulate. The discussion turns to women's roles; Kitty's quiet hint about humiliation causes Levin to abandon his position entirely. A charged silence falls as she draws on the card-table with chalk.

Levin seizes the moment to ask the question that has tormented him: he writes only the initial letters of a sentence asking whether her earlier rejection meant 'never' or only 'then.' Kitty deciphers the cipher and answers in kind. Through a series of abbreviated, chalk-written exchanges — observed at last by Dolly — the two confess their love and reach a wordless understanding. Levin will come the next morning to speak to her parents.

Translation Style
✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
When they rose from table, Levin would have liked to follow Kitty into the drawing-room; but he was afraid she might dislike this, as too obviously paying her attention. He remained in the little ring of men, taking part in the general conversation, and without looking at Kitty, he was aware of her movements, her looks, and the place where she was in the drawing-room. He did at once, and without the smallest effort, keep the promise he had made her—always to think well of all men, and to like everyone always. The conversation fell on the village commune, in which Pestsov saw a sort of special principle, called by him the “choral” principle. Levin did not agree with Pestsov, nor with his brother, who had a special attitude of his own, both admitting and not admitting the significance of the Russian commune. But he talked to them, simply trying to reconcile and soften their differences. He was not in the least interested in what he said himself, and even less so in what they said; all he wanted was that they and everyone should be happy and contented. He knew now the one thing of importance; and that one thing was at first there, in the drawing-room, and then began moving across and came to a standstill at the door. Without turning round he felt the eyes fixed on him, and the smile, and he could not help turning round. She was standing in the doorway with Shtcherbatsky, looking at him. “I thought you were going towards the piano,” said he, going up to her. “That’s something I miss in the country—music.” “No; we only came to fetch you and thank you,” she said, rewarding him with a smile that was like a gift, “for coming. What do they want to argue for? No one ever convinces anyone, you know.” “Yes; that’s true,” said Levin; “it generally happens that one argues warmly simply because one can’t make out what one’s opponent wants to prove.” Levin had often noticed in discussions between the most intelligent people that after enormous efforts, and an enormous expenditure of logical subtleties and words, the disputants finally arrived at being aware that what they had so long been struggling to prove to one another had long ago, from the beginning of the argument, been known to both, but that they liked different things, and would not define what they liked for fear of its being attacked. He had often had the experience of suddenly in a discussion grasping what it was his opponent liked and at once liking it too, and immediately he found himself agreeing, and then all arguments fell away as useless. Sometimes, too, he had experienced the opposite, expressing at last what he liked himself, which he was devising arguments to defend, and, chancing to express it well and genuinely, he had found his opponent at once agreeing and ceasing to dispute his position. He tried to say this. She knitted her brow, trying to understand. But directly he began to illustrate his meaning, she understood at once. “I know: one must find out what he is arguing for, what is precious to him, then one can....” She had completely guessed and expressed his badly expressed idea. Levin smiled joyfully; he was struck by this transition from the confused, verbose discussion with Pestsov and his brother to this laconic, clear, almost wordless communication of the most complex ideas. Shtcherbatsky moved away from them, and Kitty, going up to a card-table, sat down, and, taking up the chalk, began drawing diverging circles over the new green cloth. They began again on the subject that had been started at dinner—the liberty and occupations of women. Levin was of the opinion of Darya Alexandrovna that a girl who did not marry should find a woman’s duties in a family. He supported this view by the fact that no family can get on without women to help; that in every family, poor or rich, there are and must be nurses, either relations or hired. “No,” said Kitty, blushing, but looking at him all the more boldly with her truthful eyes; “a girl may be so circumstanced that she cannot live in the family without humiliation, while she herself....” At the hint he understood her. “Oh, yes,” he said. “Yes, yes, yes—you’re right; you’re right!” And he saw all that Pestsov had been maintaining at dinner of the liberty of woman, simply from getting a glimpse of the terror of an old maid’s existence and its humiliation in Kitty’s heart; and loving her, he felt that terror and humiliation, and at once gave up his arguments. A silence followed. She was still drawing with the chalk on the table. Her eyes were shining with a soft light. Under the influence of her mood he felt in all his being a continually growing tension of happiness. “Ah! I’ve scribbled all over the table!” she said, and, laying down the chalk, she made a movement as though to get up. “What! shall I be left alone—without her?” he thought with horror, and he took the chalk. “Wait a minute,” he said, sitting down to the table. “I’ve long wanted to ask you one thing.” He looked straight into her caressing, though frightened eyes. “Please, ask it.” “Here,” he said; and he wrote the initial letters, w, y, t, m, i, c, n, b, d, t, m, n, o, t. These letters meant, “When you told me it could never be, did that mean never, or then?” There seemed no likelihood that she could make out this complicated sentence; but he looked at her as though his life depended on her understanding the words. She glanced at him seriously, then leaned her puckered brow on her hands and began to read. Once or twice she stole a look at him, as though asking him, “Is it what I think?” “I understand,” she said, flushing a little. “What is this word?” he said, pointing to the n that stood for never. “It means never,” she said; “but that’s not true!” He quickly rubbed out what he had written, gave her the chalk, and stood up. She wrote, t, i, c, n, a, d. Dolly was completely comforted in the depression caused by her conversation with Alexey Alexandrovitch when she caught sight of the two figures: Kitty with the chalk in her hand, with a shy and happy smile looking upwards at Levin, and his handsome figure bending over the table with glowing eyes fastened one minute on the table and the next on her. He was suddenly radiant: he had understood. It meant, “Then I could not answer differently.” He glanced at her questioningly, timidly. “Only then?” “Yes,” her smile answered. “And n... and now?” he asked. “Well, read this. I’ll tell you what I should like—should like so much!” she wrote the initial letters, i, y, c, f, a, f, w, h. This meant, “If you could forget and forgive what happened.” He snatched the chalk with nervous, trembling fingers, and breaking it, wrote the initial letters of the following phrase, “I have nothing to forget and to forgive; I have never ceased to love you.” She glanced at him with a smile that did not waver. “I understand,” she said in a whisper. He sat down and wrote a long phrase. She understood it all, and without asking him, “Is it this?” took the chalk and at once answered. For a long while he could not understand what she had written, and often looked into her eyes. He was stupefied with happiness. He could not supply the word she had meant; but in her charming eyes, beaming with happiness, he saw all he needed to know. And he wrote three letters. But he had hardly finished writing when she read them over her arm, and herself finished and wrote the answer, “Yes.” “You’re playing secrétaire?” said the old prince. “But we must really be getting along if you want to be in time at the theater.” Levin got up and escorted Kitty to the door. In their conversation everything had been said; it had been said that she loved him, and that she would tell her father and mother that he would come tomorrow morning.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
Modern English
Select a style above to load the modern English translation.

This chapter is one of the most celebrated scenes in nineteenth-century fiction, and its central formal achievement is the cipher of initials — a private language that strips communication down to its barest skeleton. Tolstoy uses this device to dramatise a paradox: the most consequential exchange in the novel is also the least verbal. The lovers' mutual comprehension of fragmentary letters enacts the chapter's governing idea, stated moments earlier, that genuine understanding between people bypasses argument and reaches directly for what each person values. The cipher is thus not a romantic gimmick but a structural embodiment of the chapter's epistemological theme.

The dinner-table debate about the village commune and women's liberty functions as an ironic foil to the private dialogue that follows. Levin observes that disputants rarely convince one another because they are defending preferences, not propositions. His immediate capitulation when Kitty hints at the terror of an old maid's humiliation demonstrates this insight in action: he does not change his logic, he changes his sympathy. Tolstoy suggests that moral and emotional knowledge operates on a different register from intellectual argument — a theme central to the novel's critique of rationalism.

Kitty's role here marks a significant development in her characterisation. She has moved from the passive, socially conditioned girl of Part One — who chose Vronsky over Levin on the basis of glamour — to an agent of emotional precision. Her ability to complete Levin's half-formed thought about argument, and her bold, truth-telling eyes as she corrects his view on women, signal an interior authority that the earlier Kitty lacked. The chalk and the green baize card-table become the instruments of her agency.

Dolly's brief appearance as observer is carefully placed. Having just endured a painful interview with Karenin about Anna's situation, she is comforted by the sight of Levin and Kitty. Tolstoy uses her perspective to frame the scene sentimentally for the reader while also drawing a structural contrast: Anna's marriage is disintegrating in the same narrative moment that Levin and Kitty's union is being founded. The motif of writing — Karenin's cold letter-drafting, Anna's deceptions, and now Levin's trembling chalk — runs through Part Four as an index of the health or sickness of each relationship.

The chapter closes with the old prince's cheerful interruption — 'You're playing secretaire?' — a line of comic dramatic irony that underscores how invisible the lovers' real transaction has been to the social world around them. Tolstoy's narrative voice then steps in with unusual directness to summarise what 'had been said,' translating the wordless back into prose. This move acknowledges the limits of the cipher while insisting on its sufficiency: everything necessary was communicated, and the narrator's gloss is almost redundant.

Loading quotes...

Loading tags...

Ask the Reader

Click any tag to explore where it appears across the book, then ask the Reader to explain how it works in this chapter.

Exploring tag...
The Reader's Take
Ask the Reader to explain how this element appears in this chapter
Click a tag to search.
Ask the Reader about this chapter
Type at least 2 characters to search
Characters & Figures
Loading figures...
✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
SIS Teachers
Sign in with your @siskorea.org email for free full access to this guide and all GradeWise study guides — every chapter, translation, and premium feature.
Sign In with SIS Email