Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Three, Chapter 18

Chapter Summary

Betsy's drawing room receives a succession of fashionable guests: the bold, extravagantly dressed Sappho Shtoltz arrives with the devoted Vaska, followed by a forgotten admirer, Prince Kaluzhsky, and finally Liza Merkalova with Stremov. Anna observes each newcomer closely, finding Liza—languid, enigmatic, attended by her own satellites—far more genuinely attractive than the showy Sappho.

Liza attaches herself to Anna, confessing her pervasive boredom and pressing Anna to explain how she escapes it. Stremov, Alexey Alexandrovitch's political enemy, joins the conversation with polished cordiality. When the party moves to croquet, Liza and Stremov urge Anna to stay; she wavers, tempted by the ease of society, but the memory of her private anguish—clutching her hair in despair—decides her, and she takes her leave.

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Original Text
They heard the sound of steps and a man’s voice, then a woman’s voice and laughter, and immediately thereafter there walked in the expected guests: Sappho Shtoltz, and a young man beaming with excess of health, the so-called Vaska. It was evident that ample supplies of beefsteak, truffles, and Burgundy never failed to reach him at the fitting hour. Vaska bowed to the two ladies, and glanced at them, but only for one second. He walked after Sappho into the drawing-room, and followed her about as though he were chained to her, keeping his sparkling eyes fixed on her as though he wanted to eat her. Sappho Shtoltz was a blonde beauty with black eyes. She walked with smart little steps in high-heeled shoes, and shook hands with the ladies vigorously like a man. Anna had never met this new star of fashion, and was struck by her beauty, the exaggerated extreme to which her dress was carried, and the boldness of her manners. On her head there was such a superstructure of soft, golden hair—her own and false mixed—that her head was equal in size to the elegantly rounded bust, of which so much was exposed in front. The impulsive abruptness of her movements was such that at every step the lines of her knees and the upper part of her legs were distinctly marked under her dress, and the question involuntarily rose to the mind where in the undulating, piled-up mountain of material at the back the real body of the woman, so small and slender, so naked in front, and so hidden behind and below, really came to an end. Betsy made haste to introduce her to Anna. “Only fancy, we all but ran over two soldiers,” she began telling them at once, using her eyes, smiling and twitching away her tail, which she flung back at one stroke all on one side. “I drove here with Vaska.... Ah, to be sure, you don’t know each other.” And mentioning his surname she introduced the young man, and reddening a little, broke into a ringing laugh at her mistake—that is, at her having called him Vaska to a stranger. Vaska bowed once more to Anna, but he said nothing to her. He addressed Sappho: “You’ve lost your bet. We got here first. Pay up,” said he, smiling. Sappho laughed still more festively. “Not just now,” said she. “Oh, all right, I’ll have it later.” “Very well, very well. Oh, yes.” She turned suddenly to Princess Betsy: “I am a nice person ... I positively forgot it ... I’ve brought you a visitor. And here he comes.” The unexpected young visitor, whom Sappho had invited, and whom she had forgotten, was, however, a personage of such consequence that, in spite of his youth, both the ladies rose on his entrance. He was a new admirer of Sappho’s. He now dogged her footsteps, like Vaska. Soon after Prince Kaluzhsky arrived, and Liza Merkalova with Stremov. Liza Merkalova was a thin brunette, with an Oriental, languid type of face, and—as everyone used to say—exquisite enigmatic eyes. The tone of her dark dress (Anna immediately observed and appreciated the fact) was in perfect harmony with her style of beauty. Liza was as soft and enervated as Sappho was smart and abrupt. But to Anna’s taste Liza was far more attractive. Betsy had said to Anna that she had adopted the pose of an innocent child, but when Anna saw her, she felt that this was not the truth. She really was both innocent and corrupt, but a sweet and passive woman. It is true that her tone was the same as Sappho’s; that like Sappho, she had two men, one young and one old, tacked onto her, and devouring her with their eyes. But there was something in her higher than what surrounded her. There was in her the glow of the real diamond among glass imitations. This glow shone out in her exquisite, truly enigmatic eyes. The weary, and at the same time passionate, glance of those eyes, encircled by dark rings, impressed one by its perfect sincerity. Everyone looking into those eyes fancied he knew her wholly, and knowing her, could not but love her. At the sight of Anna, her whole face lighted up at once with a smile of delight. “Ah, how glad I am to see you!” she said, going up to her. “Yesterday at the races all I wanted was to get to you, but you’d gone away. I did so want to see you, yesterday especially. Wasn’t it awful?” she said, looking at Anna with eyes that seemed to lay bare all her soul. “Yes; I had no idea it would be so thrilling,” said Anna, blushing. The company got up at this moment to go into the garden. “I’m not going,” said Liza, smiling and settling herself close to Anna. “You won’t go either, will you? Who wants to play croquet?” “Oh, I like it,” said Anna. “There, how do you manage never to be bored by things? It’s delightful to look at you. You’re alive, but I’m bored.” “How can you be bored? Why, you live in the liveliest set in Petersburg,” said Anna. “Possibly the people who are not of our set are even more bored; but we—I certainly—are not happy, but awfully, awfully bored.” Sappho smoking a cigarette went off into the garden with the two young men. Betsy and Stremov remained at the tea-table. “What, bored!” said Betsy. “Sappho says they did enjoy themselves tremendously at your house last night.” “Ah, how dreary it all was!” said Liza Merkalova. “We all drove back to my place after the races. And always the same people, always the same. Always the same thing. We lounged about on sofas all the evening. What is there to enjoy in that? No; do tell me how you manage never to be bored?” she said, addressing Anna again. “One has but to look at you and one sees, here’s a woman who may be happy or unhappy, but isn’t bored. Tell me how you do it?” “I do nothing,” answered Anna, blushing at these searching questions. “That’s the best way,” Stremov put in. Stremov was a man of fifty, partly gray, but still vigorous-looking, very ugly, but with a characteristic and intelligent face. Liza Merkalova was his wife’s niece, and he spent all his leisure hours with her. On meeting Anna Karenina, as he was Alexey Alexandrovitch’s enemy in the government, he tried, like a shrewd man and a man of the world, to be particularly cordial with her, the wife of his enemy. “‘Nothing,’” he put in with a subtle smile, “that’s the very best way. I told you long ago,” he said, turning to Liza Merkalova, “that if you don’t want to be bored, you mustn’t think you’re going to be bored. It’s just as you mustn’t be afraid of not being able to fall asleep, if you’re afraid of sleeplessness. That’s just what Anna Arkadyevna has just said.” “I should be very glad if I had said it, for it’s not only clever but true,” said Anna, smiling. “No, do tell me why it is one can’t go to sleep, and one can’t help being bored?” “To sleep well one ought to work, and to enjoy oneself one ought to work too.” “What am I to work for when my work is no use to anybody? And I can’t and won’t knowingly make a pretense about it.” “You’re incorrigible,” said Stremov, not looking at her, and he spoke again to Anna. As he rarely met Anna, he could say nothing but commonplaces to her, but he said those commonplaces as to when she was returning to Petersburg, and how fond Countess Lidia Ivanovna was of her, with an expression which suggested that he longed with his whole soul to please her and show his regard for her and even more than that. Tushkevitch came in, announcing that the party were awaiting the other players to begin croquet. “No, don’t go away, please don’t,” pleaded Liza Merkalova, hearing that Anna was going. Stremov joined in her entreaties. “It’s too violent a transition,” he said, “to go from such company to old Madame Vrede. And besides, you will only give her a chance for talking scandal, while here you arouse none but such different feelings of the highest and most opposite kind,” he said to her. Anna pondered for an instant in uncertainty. This shrewd man’s flattering words, the naïve, childlike affection shown her by Liza Merkalova, and all the social atmosphere she was used to,—it was all so easy, and what was in store for her was so difficult, that she was for a minute in uncertainty whether to remain, whether to put off a little longer the painful moment of explanation. But remembering what was in store for her alone at home, if she did not come to some decision, remembering that gesture—terrible even in memory—when she had clutched her hair in both hands—she said good-bye and went away.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter functions as a social tableau, deploying a sequence of character introductions to map the moral and aesthetic landscape of Petersburg high society. Tolstoy's description of Sappho Shtoltz is a masterpiece of satirical portraiture: the narrator's ironic aside about beefsteak and Burgundy reaching Vaska "at the fitting hour" reduces him to an animal fed for display, while the extended anatomical inventory of Sappho's dress—the false hair, the exposed bust, the hidden body—frames fashionable femininity as a kind of elaborate deception, a body simultaneously over-exhibited and concealed. The artifice versus authenticity contrast is then sharpened by the introduction of Liza Merkalova, whose "glow of the real diamond among glass imitations" explicitly codes Sappho's world as counterfeit.

Liza's ennui is not merely a social affectation but a structural mirror for Anna's own crisis. When Liza asks "how you manage never to be bored," she is unwittingly diagnosing the condition of a class whose pleasures have become obligations. Anna's answer—"I do nothing"—is ironic: she is, in fact, consumed by the most urgent inner action of the novel. Stremov's gloss on the remark, comparing boredom to insomnia, introduces a sleep motif that resonates with Anna's later sleeplessness and psychological dissolution, suggesting that the inability to rest and the inability to feel are symptoms of the same existential vacancy.

Stremov's presence introduces a layer of political subtext. His studied cordiality toward the wife of his government enemy is a small but precise demonstration of the way Petersburg society converts every human encounter into a strategic performance. His flattery of Anna—warning her that leaving would give Madame Vrede "a chance for talking scandal"—is simultaneously a compliment and a reminder that Anna exists within a surveillance network from which she cannot easily escape.

The chapter's closing paragraph is its most psychologically dense. Anna's hesitation between staying and leaving enacts the novel's central tension between social belonging and individual truth. The phrase "it was all so easy, and what was in store for her was so difficult" crystallizes the seductive power of the drawing-room world: it offers frictionless existence as a substitute for genuine life. The decisive image—"that gesture—terrible even in memory—when she had clutched her hair in both hands"—breaks through the social surface with visceral force, anchoring Anna's choice in bodily memory rather than rational deliberation and signaling that her inner life has already exceeded the capacity of this world to contain it.

Tolstoy's free indirect discourse throughout the chapter allows the narrator to inhabit Anna's perceptions while maintaining ironic distance from the society she observes. The reader sees Liza through Anna's admiring eyes yet also registers the narrator's qualification—"both innocent and corrupt"—producing a doubled vision that prevents any character from settling into a simple moral category. This technique reinforces the novel's insistence that moral reality is irreducibly complex and that the social codes governing Petersburg life are wholly inadequate instruments for measuring it.

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