Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Seven, Chapter 19

Chapter Summary

While visiting Alexey Alexandrovitch, Stepan Arkadyevitch unexpectedly encounters his nephew Seryozha, now called Sergey Alexyevitch and enrolled in school. Alexey Alexandrovitch warns Stiva not to mention Anna, explaining that the boy fell gravely ill after their last meeting but has since recovered. Seryozha enters confidently, hands his father a school report, and reacts to his uncle with visible discomfort, blushing and withdrawing his hand before darting from the room.

On the staircase, away from his father, Seryozha speaks more freely about a railway game he plays with schoolmates. Stepan Arkadyevitch, moved by the boy's eyes—so like Anna's—breaks his promise and asks whether Seryozha remembers his mother. The boy denies it, flushes crimson, and shuts down entirely. His tutor later finds him in distress on the stairs; Seryozha refuses to explain, crying out to be left in peace.

Translation Style
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Original Text
Stepan Arkadyevitch was about to go away when Korney came in to announce: “Sergey Alexyevitch!” “Who’s Sergey Alexyevitch?” Stepan Arkadyevitch was beginning, but he remembered immediately. “Ah, Seryozha!” he said aloud. “Sergey Alexyevitch! I thought it was the director of a department. Anna asked me to see him too,” he thought. And he recalled the timid, piteous expression with which Anna had said to him at parting: “Anyway, you will see him. Find out exactly where he is, who is looking after him. And Stiva ... if it were possible! Could it be possible?” Stepan Arkadyevitch knew what was meant by that “if it were possible,”—if it were possible to arrange the divorce so as to let her have her son.... Stepan Arkadyevitch saw now that it was no good to dream of that, but still he was glad to see his nephew. Alexey Alexandrovitch reminded his brother-in-law that they never spoke to the boy of his mother, and he begged him not to mention a single word about her. “He was very ill after that interview with his mother, which we had not foreseen,” said Alexey Alexandrovitch. “Indeed, we feared for his life. But with rational treatment, and sea-bathing in the summer, he regained his strength, and now, by the doctor’s advice, I have let him go to school. And certainly the companionship of school has had a good effect on him, and he is perfectly well, and making good progress.” “What a fine fellow he’s grown! He’s not Seryozha now, but quite full-fledged Sergey Alexyevitch!” said Stepan Arkadyevitch, smiling, as he looked at the handsome, broad-shouldered lad in blue coat and long trousers, who walked in alertly and confidently. The boy looked healthy and good-humored. He bowed to his uncle as to a stranger, but recognizing him, he blushed and turned hurriedly away from him, as though offended and irritated at something. The boy went up to his father and handed him a note of the marks he had gained in school. “Well, that’s very fair,” said his father, “you can go.” “He’s thinner and taller, and has grown out of being a child into a boy; I like that,” said Stepan Arkadyevitch. “Do you remember me?” The boy looked back quickly at his uncle. “Yes, mon oncle,” he answered, glancing at his father, and again he looked downcast. His uncle called him to him, and took his hand. “Well, and how are you getting on?” he said, wanting to talk to him, and not knowing what to say. The boy, blushing and making no answer, cautiously drew his hand away. As soon as Stepan Arkadyevitch let go his hand, he glanced doubtfully at his father, and like a bird set free, he darted out of the room. A year had passed since the last time Seryozha had seen his mother. Since then he had heard nothing more of her. And in the course of that year he had gone to school, and made friends among his schoolfellows. The dreams and memories of his mother, which had made him ill after seeing her, did not occupy his thoughts now. When they came back to him, he studiously drove them away, regarding them as shameful and girlish, below the dignity of a boy and a schoolboy. He knew that his father and mother were separated by some quarrel, he knew that he had to remain with his father, and he tried to get used to that idea. He disliked seeing his uncle, so like his mother, for it called up those memories of which he was ashamed. He disliked it all the more as from some words he had caught as he waited at the study door, and still more from the faces of his father and uncle, he guessed that they must have been talking of his mother. And to avoid condemning the father with whom he lived and on whom he was dependent, and, above all, to avoid giving way to sentimentality, which he considered so degrading, Seryozha tried not to look at his uncle who had come to disturb his peace of mind, and not to think of what he recalled to him. But when Stepan Arkadyevitch, going out after him, saw him on the stairs, and calling to him, asked him how he spent his playtime at school, Seryozha talked more freely to him away from his father’s presence. “We have a railway now,” he said in answer to his uncle’s question. “It’s like this, do you see: two sit on a bench—they’re the passengers; and one stands up straight on the bench. And all are harnessed to it by their arms or by their belts, and they run through all the rooms—the doors are left open beforehand. Well, and it’s pretty hard work being the conductor!” “That’s the one that stands?” Stepan Arkadyevitch inquired, smiling. “Yes, you want pluck for it, and cleverness too, especially when they stop all of a sudden, or someone falls down.” “Yes, that must be a serious matter,” said Stepan Arkadyevitch, watching with mournful interest the eager eyes, like his mother’s; not childish now—no longer fully innocent. And though he had promised Alexey Alexandrovitch not to speak of Anna, he could not restrain himself. “Do you remember your mother?” he asked suddenly. “No, I don’t,” Seryozha said quickly. He blushed crimson, and his face clouded over. And his uncle could get nothing more out of him. His tutor found his pupil on the staircase half an hour later, and for a long while he could not make out whether he was ill-tempered or crying. “What is it? I expect you hurt yourself when you fell down?” said the tutor. “I told you it was a dangerous game. And we shall have to speak to the director.” “If I had hurt myself, nobody should have found it out, that’s certain.” “Well, what is it, then?” “Leave me alone! If I remember, or if I don’t remember?... what business is it of his? Why should I remember? Leave me in peace!” he said, addressing not his tutor, but the whole world.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
Modern English
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This chapter functions as a displaced portrait of Anna: she is physically absent yet structurally central. Tolstoy routes her presence through Seryozha's resemblance to her—most pointedly in his eyes, described as "like his mother's; not childish now—no longer fully innocent." The loss of innocence is thus attributed not to natural maturation but to the trauma of separation, making the child's development a silent indictment of the social and legal machinery that severed mother from son.

Seryozha's psychological self-management is rendered with remarkable precision. He has internalized the patriarchal code of emotional suppression, dismissing memories of his mother as "shameful and girlish, below the dignity of a boy and a schoolboy." Tolstoy exposes how ideology is reproduced in childhood: the boy has absorbed the very value system that condemned his mother, weaponizing it against his own grief. His studied forgetting is not healing but repression, and the crimson blush and clouded face betray the cost.

The railway game Seryozha describes carries symbolic weight. The conductor who stands upright on the bench while others are harnessed to him requires "pluck and cleverness," especially when someone falls suddenly. The image quietly mirrors the novel's larger world of social performance, precarious balance, and the danger of sudden collapse—resonances that Stepan Arkadyevitch's "mournful interest" signals the reader should notice without the narrator spelling them out.

Stepan Arkadyevitch's broken promise to Alexey Alexandrovitch dramatizes the tension between social obligation and human feeling. He cannot restrain himself from asking about Anna because the boy's eyes make her too present to ignore. His failure is sympathetically rendered: the question is an act of love for his sister, even as it wounds the child. The chapter thus implicates well-meaning characters in the harm the system perpetuates.

Seryozha's final outburst—"Leave me alone! If I remember, or if I don't remember?... what business is it of his?"—is the chapter's emotional climax and its most thematically concentrated moment. Addressed "not his tutor, but the whole world," the cry universalizes his anguish, transforming a private scene into a protest against the adult world's power to legislate memory and feeling. The chapter closes not on resolution but on raw, unanswered pain, sustaining the novel's critique of institutional marriage and divorce law through the most vulnerable of its victims.

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