Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Five, Chapter 26

Chapter Summary

On the eve of his birthday, Seryozha returns from a walk in high spirits and lingers with the hall-porter Kapitonitch, learning that a bandaged clerk who had repeatedly petitioned Alexey Alexandrovitch has finally received help, that a present from Countess Lidia Ivanovna has arrived, and that his father has been awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. Seryozha shares in all these happinesses indiscriminately, feeling the day belongs to universal joy.

Inside, Seryozha neglects his grammar lesson while daydreaming about imperial orders and his own future glory. When the teacher arrives and finds the lesson unprepared, Seryozha feels genuine remorse yet cannot master the abstract grammatical category. He impulsively asks the teacher his birthday, receives a cold rebuke, and falls into melancholy wondering why adults speak in hollow formulas and withhold affection from him.

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Original Text
“Well, Kapitonitch?” said Seryozha, coming back rosy and good-humored from his walk the day before his birthday, and giving his overcoat to the tall old hall-porter, who smiled down at the little person from the height of his long figure. “Well, has the bandaged clerk been here today? Did papa see him?” “He saw him. The minute the chief secretary came out, I announced him,” said the hall-porter with a good-humored wink. “Here, I’ll take it off.” “Seryozha!” said the tutor, stopping in the doorway leading to the inner rooms. “Take it off yourself.” But Seryozha, though he heard his tutor’s feeble voice, did not pay attention to it. He stood keeping hold of the hall-porter’s belt, and gazing into his face. “Well, and did papa do what he wanted for him?” The hall-porter nodded his head affirmatively. The clerk with his face tied up, who had already been seven times to ask some favor of Alexey Alexandrovitch, interested both Seryozha and the hall-porter. Seryozha had come upon him in the hall, and had heard him plaintively beg the hall-porter to announce him, saying that he and his children had death staring them in the face. Since then Seryozha, having met him a second time in the hall, took great interest in him. “Well, was he very glad?” he asked. “Glad? I should think so! Almost dancing as he walked away.” “And has anything been left?” asked Seryozha, after a pause. “Come, sir,” said the hall-porter; then with a shake of his head he whispered, “Something from the countess.” Seryozha understood at once that what the hall-porter was speaking of was a present from Countess Lidia Ivanovna for his birthday. “What do you say? Where?” “Korney took it to your papa. A fine plaything it must be too!” “How big? Like this?” “Rather small, but a fine thing.” “A book.” “No, a thing. Run along, run along, Vassily Lukitch is calling you,” said the porter, hearing the tutor’s steps approaching, and carefully taking away from his belt the little hand in the glove half pulled off, he signed with his head towards the tutor. “Vassily Lukitch, in a tiny minute!” answered Seryozha with that gay and loving smile which always won over the conscientious Vassily Lukitch. Seryozha was too happy, everything was too delightful for him to be able to help sharing with his friend the porter the family good fortune of which he had heard during his walk in the public gardens from Lidia Ivanovna’s niece. This piece of good news seemed to him particularly important from its coming at the same time with the gladness of the bandaged clerk and his own gladness at toys having come for him. It seemed to Seryozha that this was a day on which everyone ought to be glad and happy. “You know papa’s received the Alexander Nevsky today?” “To be sure I do! People have been already to congratulate him.” “And is he glad?” “Glad at the Tsar’s gracious favor! I should think so! It’s a proof he’s deserved it,” said the porter severely and seriously. Seryozha fell to dreaming, gazing up at the face of the porter, which he had thoroughly studied in every detail, especially the chin that hung down between the gray whiskers, never seen by anyone but Seryozha, who saw him only from below. “Well, and has your daughter been to see you lately?” The porter’s daughter was a ballet dancer. “When is she to come on week-days? They’ve their lessons to learn too. And you’ve your lesson, sir; run along.” On coming into the room, Seryozha, instead of sitting down to his lessons, told his tutor of his supposition that what had been brought him must be a machine. “What do you think?” he inquired. But Vassily Lukitch was thinking of nothing but the necessity of learning the grammar lesson for the teacher, who was coming at two. “No, do just tell me, Vassily Lukitch,” he asked suddenly, when he was seated at their work table with the book in his hands, “what is greater than the Alexander Nevsky? You know papa’s received the Alexander Nevsky?” Vassily Lukitch replied that the Vladimir was greater than the Alexander Nevsky. “And higher still?” “Well, highest of all is the Andrey Pervozvanny.” “And higher than the Andrey?” “I don’t know.” “What, you don’t know?” and Seryozha, leaning on his elbows, sank into deep meditation. His meditations were of the most complex and diverse character. He imagined his father’s having suddenly been presented with both the Vladimir and the Andrey today, and in consequence being much better tempered at his lesson, and dreamed how, when he was grown up, he would himself receive all the orders, and what they might invent higher than the Andrey. Directly any higher order were invented, he would win it. They would make a higher one still, and he would immediately win that too. The time passed in such meditations, and when the teacher came, the lesson about the adverbs of place and time and manner of action was not ready, and the teacher was not only displeased, but hurt. This touched Seryozha. He felt he was not to blame for not having learned the lesson; however much he tried, he was utterly unable to do that. As long as the teacher was explaining to him, he believed him and seemed to comprehend, but as soon as he was left alone, he was positively unable to recollect and to understand that the short and familiar word “suddenly” is an adverb of manner of action. Still he was sorry that he had disappointed the teacher. He chose a moment when the teacher was looking in silence at the book. “Mihail Ivanitch, when is your birthday?” he asked all, of a sudden. “You’d much better be thinking about your work. Birthdays are of no importance to a rational being. It’s a day like any other on which one has to do one’s work.” Seryozha looked intently at the teacher, at his scanty beard, at his spectacles, which had slipped down below the ridge on his nose, and fell into so deep a reverie that he heard nothing of what the teacher was explaining to him. He knew that the teacher did not think what he said; he felt it from the tone in which it was said. “But why have they all agreed to speak just in the same manner always the dreariest and most useless stuff? Why does he keep me off; why doesn’t he love me?” he asked himself mournfully, and could not think of an answer.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter is structured as a descent from innocence to disillusionment: Seryozha moves from the warm, reciprocal world of the hall to the cold, transactional world of the schoolroom. Tolstoy uses the spatial contrast deliberately — the threshold, the belt Seryozha clutches, the porter's chin seen only from below — to establish a child's-eye perspective that is simultaneously intimate and epistemically limited. The chapter is one of the novel's most sustained exercises in free indirect discourse, filtering adult social reality through a consciousness that grasps emotional truth while missing institutional meaning.

The bandaged clerk functions as a social mirror: his relief at Alexey Alexandrovitch's favor reflects the bureaucratic power Karenin wields, yet Seryozha processes it purely as a story of human gladness. This naïve reading ironizes the father's world: Karenin's cold administrative competence is experienced by his son only as benevolence. The Alexander Nevsky decoration similarly enters Seryozha's imagination not as political capital but as an occasion for fantasy — he pictures a limitless hierarchy of orders he will one day win, a daydream that parodies the adult ambition driving characters like Karenin and Oblonsky throughout the novel.

The grammar lesson episode crystallizes Tolstoy's critique of formalist education. The word "suddenly" — an adverb of manner — is precisely the kind of spontaneous, felt experience Seryozha lives by, yet the pedagogical system demands he classify it abstractly. His inability is not stupidity but a refusal, however unconscious, to reduce lived time to grammatical category. The irony is pointed: the chapter itself proceeds by sudden shifts of attention, enacting the very quality the lesson would taxonomize.

Seryozha's question "when is your birthday?" is the chapter's emotional climax. It is an act of empathic outreach — he wants to extend the day's communal joy to the teacher — but the teacher's response ("Birthdays are of no importance to a rational being") exposes the adult world's systematic suppression of feeling under the guise of reason. Seryozha's ensuing meditation — "why have they all agreed to speak just in the same manner always the dreariest and most useless stuff?" — is one of Tolstoy's sharpest indictments of social inauthenticity, delivered through a child who has not yet learned to perform it.

The chapter also advances the novel's larger thematic architecture around Karenin. Seryozha's uncomplicated love for his father, his pride in the decoration, and his fantasy of shared happiness stand in painful dramatic irony against the reader's knowledge of the Karenin marriage's collapse and Anna's exile from her son. The birthday eve setting — anticipation, gifts, the promise of celebration — quietly underscores what is about to be denied: Anna will not be there.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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