Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Three, Chapter 6

Chapter Summary

After a full day of mowing alongside the peasants at Mashkin Upland, Levin returns home exhilarated and disheveled, bursting in on his brother Sergey Ivanovitch, who is quietly reading in his tidy room. The contrast between the two brothers is immediately apparent: Sergey is fastidious and intellectual, while Levin is mud-caked and radiant with physical joy. Levin eats heartily despite claiming no hunger, and the brothers share a warm, easy atmosphere.

A letter arrives from Oblonsky asking Levin to visit Dolly at Ergushovo, and Levin enthusiastically agrees. Sergey Ivanovitch reports that the peasants disapprove of a gentleman mowing, then resumes the philosophical argument from the previous day. Levin listens without comprehending a word, cheerfully concedes, and dashes off to check on the injured Agafea Mihalovna, whom he had entirely forgotten.

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Original Text
Mashkin Upland was mown, the last row finished, the peasants had put on their coats and were gaily trudging home. Levin got on his horse and, parting regretfully from the peasants, rode homewards. On the hillside he looked back; he could not see them in the mist that had risen from the valley; he could only hear rough, good-humored voices, laughter, and the sound of clanking scythes. Sergey Ivanovitch had long ago finished dinner, and was drinking iced lemon and water in his own room, looking through the reviews and papers which he had only just received by post, when Levin rushed into the room, talking merrily, with his wet and matted hair sticking to his forehead, and his back and chest grimed and moist. “We mowed the whole meadow! Oh, it is nice, delicious! And how have you been getting on?” said Levin, completely forgetting the disagreeable conversation of the previous day. “Mercy! what do you look like!” said Sergey Ivanovitch, for the first moment looking round with some dissatisfaction. “And the door, do shut the door!” he cried. “You must have let in a dozen at least.” Sergey Ivanovitch could not endure flies, and in his own room he never opened the window except at night, and carefully kept the door shut. “Not one, on my honor. But if I have, I’ll catch them. You wouldn’t believe what a pleasure it is! How have you spent the day?” “Very well. But have you really been mowing the whole day? I expect you’re as hungry as a wolf. Kouzma has got everything ready for you.” “No, I don’t feel hungry even. I had something to eat there. But I’ll go and wash.” “Yes, go along, go along, and I’ll come to you directly,” said Sergey Ivanovitch, shaking his head as he looked at his brother. “Go along, make haste,” he added smiling, and gathering up his books, he prepared to go too. He, too, felt suddenly good-humored and disinclined to leave his brother’s side. “But what did you do while it was raining?” “Rain? Why, there was scarcely a drop. I’ll come directly. So you had a nice day too? That’s first-rate.” And Levin went off to change his clothes. Five minutes later the brothers met in the dining-room. Although it seemed to Levin that he was not hungry, and he sat down to dinner simply so as not to hurt Kouzma’s feelings, yet when he began to eat the dinner struck him as extraordinarily good. Sergey Ivanovitch watched him with a smile. “Oh, by the way, there’s a letter for you,” said he. “Kouzma, bring it down, please. And mind you shut the doors.” The letter was from Oblonsky. Levin read it aloud. Oblonsky wrote to him from Petersburg: “I have had a letter from Dolly; she’s at Ergushovo, and everything seems going wrong there. Do ride over and see her, please; help her with advice; you know all about it. She will be so glad to see you. She’s quite alone, poor thing. My mother-in-law and all of them are still abroad.” “That’s capital! I will certainly ride over to her,” said Levin. “Or we’ll go together. She’s such a splendid woman, isn’t she?” “They’re not far from here, then?” “Twenty-five miles. Or perhaps it is thirty. But a capital road. Capital, we’ll drive over.” “I shall be delighted,” said Sergey Ivanovitch, still smiling. The sight of his younger brother’s appearance had immediately put him in a good humor. “Well, you have an appetite!” he said, looking at his dark-red, sunburnt face and neck bent over the plate. “Splendid! You can’t imagine what an effectual remedy it is for every sort of foolishness. I want to enrich medicine with a new word: Arbeitskur.” “Well, but you don’t need it, I should fancy.” “No, but for all sorts of nervous invalids.” “Yes, it ought to be tried. I had meant to come to the mowing to look at you, but it was so unbearably hot that I got no further than the forest. I sat there a little, and went on by the forest to the village, met your old nurse, and sounded her as to the peasants’ view of you. As far as I can make out, they don’t approve of this. She said: ‘It’s not a gentleman’s work.’ Altogether, I fancy that in the people’s ideas there are very clear and definite notions of certain, as they call it, ‘gentlemanly’ lines of action. And they don’t sanction the gentry’s moving outside bounds clearly laid down in their ideas.” “Maybe so; but anyway it’s a pleasure such as I have never known in my life. And there’s no harm in it, you know. Is there?” answered Levin. “I can’t help it if they don’t like it. Though I do believe it’s all right. Eh?” “Altogether,” pursued Sergey Ivanovitch, “you’re satisfied with your day?” “Quite satisfied. We cut the whole meadow. And such a splendid old man I made friends with there! You can’t fancy how delightful he was!” “Well, so you’re content with your day. And so am I. First, I solved two chess problems, and one a very pretty one—a pawn opening. I’ll show it you. And then—I thought over our conversation yesterday.” “Eh! our conversation yesterday?” said Levin, blissfully dropping his eyelids and drawing deep breaths after finishing his dinner, and absolutely incapable of recalling what their conversation yesterday was about. “I think you are partly right. Our difference of opinion amounts to this, that you make the mainspring self-interest, while I suppose that interest in the common weal is bound to exist in every man of a certain degree of advancement. Possibly you are right too, that action founded on material interest would be more desirable. You are altogether, as the French say, too primesautière a nature; you must have intense, energetic action, or nothing.” Levin listened to his brother and did not understand a single word, and did not want to understand. He was only afraid his brother might ask him some question which would make it evident he had not heard. “So that’s what I think it is, my dear boy,” said Sergey Ivanovitch, touching him on the shoulder. “Yes, of course. But, do you know? I won’t stand up for my view,” answered Levin, with a guilty, childlike smile. “Whatever was it I was disputing about?” he wondered. “Of course, I’m right, and he’s right, and it’s all first-rate. Only I must go round to the counting house and see to things.” He got up, stretching and smiling. Sergey Ivanovitch smiled too. “If you want to go out, let’s go together,” he said, disinclined to be parted from his brother, who seemed positively breathing out freshness and energy. “Come, we’ll go to the counting house, if you have to go there.” “Oh, heavens!” shouted Levin, so loudly that Sergey Ivanovitch was quite frightened. “What, what is the matter?” “How’s Agafea Mihalovna’s hand?” said Levin, slapping himself on the head. “I’d positively forgotten her even.” “It’s much better.” “Well, anyway I’ll run down to her. Before you’ve time to get your hat on, I’ll be back.” And he ran downstairs, clattering with his heels like a spring-rattle.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter functions as a deliberate counterpoint to the philosophical and social tensions of the preceding chapters, offering instead a portrait of physical labor as spiritual restoration. Levin's return — hair matted, chest grimy, radiating energy — enacts the transformation that mowing has wrought on him. Tolstoy carefully withholds any retrospective moralizing from Levin himself; the joy is pre-reflective, bodily, and therefore, in Tolstoy's moral universe, more authentic than any intellectual conclusion Sergey Ivanovitch might reach at his desk.

The contrast between the two brothers is rendered through precise domestic detail. Sergey Ivanovitch keeps his window shut against flies, reads journals delivered by post, and solves chess problems — all emblems of a life lived at one remove from natural reality. Levin, by contrast, lets in the outside world literally and figuratively, tracking mud and vitality into the ordered room. Tolstoy uses the fly motif — trivial yet telling — to signal Sergey's temperamental distance from the organic world his brother has just inhabited.

The episode of Sergey's philosophical summary is a masterpiece of ironic characterization. Sergey believes he is offering a generous intellectual concession ('Possibly you are right too'), yet Levin cannot recall the argument at all and listens 'without understanding a single word.' The comedy is gentle but pointed: the abstract debate about self-interest versus the common weal, which occupied the previous chapter, has been entirely dissolved by a day's honest work. Tolstoy implies that praxis — lived, embodied action — renders certain intellectual disputes not merely unresolved but irrelevant.

Levin's coinage Arbeitskur (work-cure) is a rare moment of self-theorizing, and its German register is significant: it mimics the medical-scientific vocabulary of the educated class while pointing toward something Tolstoy values far more — the redemptive power of manual labor. That Levin immediately qualifies it ('but for all sorts of nervous invalids') suggests he does not fully claim the insight for himself, preserving his characteristic self-deprecation and openness.

The chapter closes with Levin's sudden, guilty recollection of Agafea Mihalovna's injured hand — a small but structurally important beat. His spontaneous concern for a servant, expressed through physical action (slapping his own head, clattering downstairs 'like a spring-rattle'), reinforces the chapter's thematic argument: genuine moral feeling in Tolstoy's world is impulsive, embodied, and directed toward concrete individuals, not toward abstract principles of 'the common weal.'

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