Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Five, Chapter 12

Chapter Summary

Anna, Vronsky, and Golenishtchev admire a small, forgotten study of two boys fishing that Mihailov had painted three years earlier. Mihailov, embarrassed by their enthusiasm for a work he considers minor, tries to redirect them to another canvas, but Vronsky asks whether it is for sale. The visit leaves Mihailov unsettled about money and the opinions of outsiders.

After the visitors depart, Mihailov returns to his major canvas of Pilate and Christ. Freed from their gaze, he recovers his full artistic vision, corrects a foreshortened leg, and contemplates the figure of John with rapt admiration. He leaves exhausted but happy. Meanwhile, Vronsky, Anna, and Golenishtchev walk home cheerfully, discussing Mihailov's 'talent' while planning to purchase the fishing picture.

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Original Text
Anna and Vronsky had long been exchanging glances, regretting their friend’s flow of cleverness. At last Vronsky, without waiting for the artist, walked away to another small picture. “Oh, how exquisite! What a lovely thing! A gem! How exquisite!” they cried with one voice. “What is it they’re so pleased with?” thought Mihailov. He had positively forgotten that picture he had painted three years ago. He had forgotten all the agonies and the ecstasies he had lived through with that picture when for several months it had been the one thought haunting him day and night. He had forgotten, as he always forgot, the pictures he had finished. He did not even like to look at it, and had only brought it out because he was expecting an Englishman who wanted to buy it. “Oh, that’s only an old study,” he said. “How fine!” said Golenishtchev, he too, with unmistakable sincerity, falling under the spell of the picture. Two boys were angling in the shade of a willow-tree. The elder had just dropped in the hook, and was carefully pulling the float from behind a bush, entirely absorbed in what he was doing. The other, a little younger, was lying in the grass leaning on his elbows, with his tangled, flaxen head in his hands, staring at the water with his dreamy blue eyes. What was he thinking of? The enthusiasm over this picture stirred some of the old feeling for it in Mihailov, but he feared and disliked this waste of feeling for things past, and so, even though this praise was grateful to him, he tried to draw his visitors away to a third picture. But Vronsky asked whether the picture was for sale. To Mihailov at that moment, excited by visitors, it was extremely distasteful to speak of money matters. “It is put up there to be sold,” he answered, scowling gloomily. When the visitors had gone, Mihailov sat down opposite the picture of Pilate and Christ, and in his mind went over what had been said, and what, though not said, had been implied by those visitors. And, strange to say, what had had such weight with him, while they were there and while he mentally put himself at their point of view, suddenly lost all importance for him. He began to look at his picture with all his own full artist vision, and was soon in that mood of conviction of the perfectibility, and so of the significance, of his picture—a conviction essential to the most intense fervor, excluding all other interests—in which alone he could work. Christ’s foreshortened leg was not right, though. He took his palette and began to work. As he corrected the leg he looked continually at the figure of John in the background, which his visitors had not even noticed, but which he knew was beyond perfection. When he had finished the leg he wanted to touch that figure, but he felt too much excited for it. He was equally unable to work when he was cold and when he was too much affected and saw everything too much. There was only one stage in the transition from coldness to inspiration, at which work was possible. Today he was too much agitated. He would have covered the picture, but he stopped, holding the cloth in his hand, and, smiling blissfully, gazed a long while at the figure of John. At last, as it were regretfully tearing himself away, he dropped the cloth, and, exhausted but happy, went home. Vronsky, Anna, and Golenishtchev, on their way home, were particularly lively and cheerful. They talked of Mihailov and his pictures. The word talent, by which they meant an inborn, almost physical, aptitude apart from brain and heart, and in which they tried to find an expression for all the artist had gained from life, recurred particularly often in their talk, as though it were necessary for them to sum up what they had no conception of, though they wanted to talk of it. They said that there was no denying his talent, but that his talent could not develop for want of education—the common defect of our Russian artists. But the picture of the boys had imprinted itself on their memories, and they were continually coming back to it. “What an exquisite thing! How he has succeeded in it, and how simply! He doesn’t even comprehend how good it is. Yes, I mustn’t let it slip; I must buy it,” said Vronsky.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter stages a quiet but pointed collision between authentic artistic vision and the superficial aesthetic consumption practiced by the aristocratic dilettantes. Tolstoy structures the scene so that Anna and Vronsky's most rapturous praise falls on a work Mihailov has literally forgotten — a study he values so little that he keeps it only for a prospective buyer. Their enthusiasm, however sincere in the moment, is thus revealed as untethered from any real understanding of the labor and suffering that produced the work. The irony is sharpened by Mihailov's own reaction: the visitors' praise briefly stirs 'some of the old feeling' in him, yet he distrusts this rekindled emotion as a 'waste of feeling for things past.'

Tolstoy's description of the fishing boys is the chapter's most lyrical passage and functions as an ekphrasis that enacts the very qualities the aristocrats cannot articulate. The elder boy is absorbed in action, the younger lost in reverie — a duality that mirrors the tension between craft and inspiration Mihailov himself embodies. The detail of the younger boy's 'dreamy blue eyes' and the unanswered question 'What was he thinking of?' invite the reader into the picture's interior life in a way Vronsky and Anna never manage.

The post-visit scene in Mihailov's studio dramatizes Tolstoy's theory of creative solitude. The moment the visitors leave, the weight of their opinions evaporates and Mihailov re-enters his own perceptual world. Tolstoy carefully maps the psychology of artistic production: there is 'only one stage in the transition from coldness to inspiration, at which work was possible,' and social excitement pushes Mihailov past it. His blissful, prolonged gaze at the figure of John — unnoticed by the visitors — becomes an emblem of the private, incommunicable knowledge that separates the true artist from his audience.

The word talent, as Tolstoy dissects it in the closing paragraph, is the chapter's sharpest satirical instrument. The narrator exposes it as a term the aristocrats deploy precisely because it allows them to praise without understanding: it locates artistic achievement in an 'inborn, almost physical, aptitude apart from brain and heart,' conveniently exempting them from engaging with the intellectual and moral dimensions of Mihailov's work. Their simultaneous condescension — blaming his limitations on a lack of 'education' — reveals the class assumptions underlying their aesthetic judgments.

The chapter also advances the novel's broader critique of dilettantism, embodied in Vronsky's own painting practice explored in adjacent chapters. His decision to buy the fishing picture is presented not as an act of genuine patronage but as a collector's impulse — 'I mustn't let it slip' — reducing art to acquisition. This commodification of the artwork stands in ironic contrast to Mihailov's exhausted happiness as he walks home, a happiness rooted entirely in the act of making rather than in selling or being praised.

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