Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part Seven, Chapter 9

Chapter Summary

After leaving the club, Oblonsky and Levin ride together through Moscow's streets toward Anna's apartment. During the journey, Oblonsky describes Anna's difficult situation: she has been waiting three months for a divorce from Karenin, is socially isolated, and occupies herself by writing a children's book and caring for an English trainer's destitute family. Levin grows increasingly uncertain whether visiting her is appropriate, but Oblonsky's enthusiasm overrides his hesitation.

On arrival, Oblonsky enters without ceremony and leads Levin through the apartment to a half-lit study. There Levin is transfixed by a full-length portrait of Anna painted by Mihailov in Italy. So absorbed is he that he forgets his surroundings entirely. Anna then emerges in person, and Levin finds her simultaneously less dazzling yet more seductive than her painted image.

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Original Text
“Oblonsky’s carriage!” the porter shouted in an angry bass. The carriage drove up and both got in. It was only for the first few moments, while the carriage was driving out of the clubhouse gates, that Levin was still under the influence of the club atmosphere of repose, comfort, and unimpeachable good form. But as soon as the carriage drove out into the street, and he felt it jolting over the uneven road, heard the angry shout of a sledge driver coming towards them, saw in the uncertain light the red blind of a tavern and the shops, this impression was dissipated, and he began to think over his actions, and to wonder whether he was doing right in going to see Anna. What would Kitty say? But Stepan Arkadyevitch gave him no time for reflection, and, as though divining his doubts, he scattered them. “How glad I am,” he said, “that you should know her! You know Dolly has long wished for it. And Lvov’s been to see her, and often goes. Though she is my sister,” Stepan Arkadyevitch pursued, “I don’t hesitate to say that she’s a remarkable woman. But you will see. Her position is very painful, especially now.” “Why especially now?” “We are carrying on negotiations with her husband about a divorce. And he’s agreed; but there are difficulties in regard to the son, and the business, which ought to have been arranged long ago, has been dragging on for three months past. As soon as the divorce is over, she will marry Vronsky. How stupid these old ceremonies are, that no one believes in, and which only prevent people being comfortable!” Stepan Arkadyevitch put in. “Well, then their position will be as regular as mine, as yours.” “What is the difficulty?” said Levin. “Oh, it’s a long and tedious story! The whole business is in such an anomalous position with us. But the point is she has been for three months in Moscow, where everyone knows her, waiting for the divorce; she goes out nowhere, sees no woman except Dolly, because, do you understand, she doesn’t care to have people come as a favor. That fool Princess Varvara, even she has left her, considering this a breach of propriety. Well, you see, in such a position any other woman would not have found resources in herself. But you’ll see how she has arranged her life—how calm, how dignified she is. To the left, in the crescent opposite the church!” shouted Stepan Arkadyevitch, leaning out of the window. “Phew! how hot it is!” he said, in spite of twelve degrees of frost, flinging his open overcoat still wider open. “But she has a daughter: no doubt she’s busy looking after her?” said Levin. “I believe you picture every woman simply as a female, une couveuse,” said Stepan Arkadyevitch. “If she’s occupied, it must be with her children. No, she brings her up capitally, I believe, but one doesn’t hear about her. She’s busy, in the first place, with what she writes. I see you’re smiling ironically, but you’re wrong. She’s writing a children’s book, and doesn’t talk about it to anyone, but she read it to me and I gave the manuscript to Vorkuev ... you know the publisher ... and he’s an author himself too, I fancy. He understands those things, and he says it’s a remarkable piece of work. But are you fancying she’s an authoress?—not a bit of it. She’s a woman with a heart, before everything, but you’ll see. Now she has a little English girl with her, and a whole family she’s looking after.” “Oh, something in a philanthropic way?” “Why, you will look at everything in the worst light. It’s not from philanthropy, it’s from the heart. They—that is, Vronsky—had a trainer, an Englishman, first-rate in his own line, but a drunkard. He’s completely given up to drink—delirium tremens—and the family were cast on the world. She saw them, helped them, got more and more interested in them, and now the whole family is on her hands. But not by way of patronage, you know, helping with money; she’s herself preparing the boys in Russian for the high school, and she’s taken the little girl to live with her. But you’ll see her for yourself.” The carriage drove into the courtyard, and Stepan Arkadyevitch rang loudly at the entrance where sledges were standing. And without asking the servant who opened the door whether the lady were at home, Stepan Arkadyevitch walked into the hall. Levin followed him, more and more doubtful whether he was doing right or wrong. Looking at himself in the glass, Levin noticed that he was red in the face, but he felt certain he was not drunk, and he followed Stepan Arkadyevitch up the carpeted stairs. At the top Stepan Arkadyevitch inquired of the footman, who bowed to him as to an intimate friend, who was with Anna Arkadyevna, and received the answer that it was M. Vorkuev. “Where are they?” “In the study.” Passing through the dining-room, a room not very large, with dark, paneled walls, Stepan Arkadyevitch and Levin walked over the soft carpet to the half-dark study, lighted up by a single lamp with a big dark shade. Another lamp with a reflector was hanging on the wall, lighting up a big full-length portrait of a woman, which Levin could not help looking at. It was the portrait of Anna, painted in Italy by Mihailov. While Stepan Arkadyevitch went behind the treillage, and the man’s voice which had been speaking paused, Levin gazed at the portrait, which stood out from the frame in the brilliant light thrown on it, and he could not tear himself away from it. He positively forgot where he was, and not even hearing what was said, he could not take his eyes off the marvelous portrait. It was not a picture, but a living, charming woman, with black curling hair, with bare arms and shoulders, with a pensive smile on the lips, covered with soft down; triumphantly and softly she looked at him with eyes that baffled him. She was not living only because she was more beautiful than a living woman can be. “I am delighted!” He heard suddenly near him a voice, unmistakably addressing him, the voice of the very woman he had been admiring in the portrait. Anna had come from behind the treillage to meet him, and Levin saw in the dim light of the study the very woman of the portrait, in a dark blue shot gown, not in the same position nor with the same expression, but with the same perfection of beauty which the artist had caught in the portrait. She was less dazzling in reality, but, on the other hand, there was something fresh and seductive in the living woman which was not in the portrait.
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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This chapter functions as a carefully staged threshold scene: Levin crosses from the masculine, ordered world of the club into Anna's intimate, ambiguous domestic space. Tolstoy uses the carriage ride as a liminal corridor in which Levin's moral conscience—figured by his thought of Kitty—is systematically neutralised by Oblonsky's cheerful rhetoric. The physical transition from smooth club floors to jolting cobblestones enacts the disruption of Levin's ethical composure, and the tavern's red blind glimpsed in the uncertain light foreshadows the morally charged atmosphere he is entering.

Oblonsky's portrait of Anna during the ride is itself a verbal ekphrasis that anticipates the painted portrait inside the study. He constructs her as a woman of remarkable self-sufficiency—author, philanthropist, dignified sufferer—countering every reductive assumption Levin voices. The exchange reveals Levin's unconscious gender essentialism (his assumption that Anna must be absorbed in childcare, his suspicion of female authorship) and Oblonsky's more fluid, worldly view. Tolstoy thus uses the dialogue to interrogate the social imagination that has already condemned Anna before Levin even meets her.

The Mihailov portrait is the chapter's central symbolic object. Tolstoy renders it through a sustained hyperbolic ekphrasis: it is 'not a picture, but a living, charming woman,' yet 'more beautiful than a living woman can be.' This paradox—the portrait surpassing life while remaining less than life—encodes the novel's broader meditation on representation and reality. Anna has been reduced by society to a fixed image, a scandal-portrait, just as the canvas fixes her in paint; yet the living woman who steps from behind the treillage exceeds any such reduction. The lamp with its 'big dark shade' that illuminates the portrait while leaving the room 'half-dark' is a precise visual metaphor for partial, distorting knowledge.

Levin's involuntary absorption before the portrait—'he positively forgot where he was'—is a moment of aesthetic arrest that recalls Stephen Dedalus's later theorisation of the sublime, though here it carries erotic and moral danger. His forgetting of place and self anticipates the threat Anna poses to his settled identity as Kitty's husband. When Anna's actual voice breaks the spell, the shift from painted to living woman is rendered as a fall from ideal to real that is simultaneously a gain: 'something fresh and seductive in the living woman which was not in the portrait.' Seduction here is not merely sexual but epistemological—Anna will unsettle Levin's categories.

Structurally, the chapter belongs to Tolstoy's technique of delayed revelation: Anna has been discussed, judged, and imagined throughout the novel before Levin—and through him the reader—encounters her directly. By filtering the approach through Oblonsky's advocacy and then through the mediating portrait, Tolstoy ensures that the moment of meeting carries maximum charge. The chapter ends on a deliberately unresolved note of anticipation, the word 'seductive' hanging in the air as the scene proper is about to begin.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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