Anna Karenina Study Guide
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Part One, Chapter 28

Chapter Summary

The morning after the ball, Anna abruptly decides to leave Moscow that same day, telling Dolly she simply must go. Kitty sends word that she has a headache and does not come to dinner, and the children, sensing Anna's distraction, grow indifferent to her. Anna spends the morning in restless preparations, her mood betraying an inner agitation Dolly recognises as dissatisfaction with herself.

Alone with Dolly before departing, Anna confesses that she knows Kitty is jealous and that she has, however unintentionally, ruined the ball for her. She insists she is not at fault—or only a little—yet immediately recognises her own self-deception: she is leaving early precisely to avoid seeing Vronsky again. Stepan Arkadyevitch arrives just as Anna departs; she and Dolly embrace with genuine emotion, exchanging declarations of lasting friendship and love.

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Original Text
After the ball, early next morning, Anna Arkadyevna sent her husband a telegram that she was leaving Moscow the same day. “No, I must go, I must go”; she explained to her sister-in-law the change in her plans in a tone that suggested that she had to remember so many things that there was no enumerating them: “no, it had really better be today!” Stepan Arkadyevitch was not dining at home, but he promised to come and see his sister off at seven o’clock. Kitty, too, did not come, sending a note that she had a headache. Dolly and Anna dined alone with the children and the English governess. Whether it was that the children were fickle, or that they had acute senses, and felt that Anna was quite different that day from what she had been when they had taken such a fancy to her, that she was not now interested in them,—but they had abruptly dropped their play with their aunt, and their love for her, and were quite indifferent that she was going away. Anna was absorbed the whole morning in preparations for her departure. She wrote notes to her Moscow acquaintances, put down her accounts, and packed. Altogether Dolly fancied she was not in a placid state of mind, but in that worried mood, which Dolly knew well with herself, and which does not come without cause, and for the most part covers dissatisfaction with self. After dinner, Anna went up to her room to dress, and Dolly followed her. “How queer you are today!” Dolly said to her. “I? Do you think so? I’m not queer, but I’m nasty. I am like that sometimes. I keep feeling as if I could cry. It’s very stupid, but it’ll pass off,” said Anna quickly, and she bent her flushed face over a tiny bag in which she was packing a nightcap and some cambric handkerchiefs. Her eyes were particularly bright, and were continually swimming with tears. “In the same way I didn’t want to leave Petersburg, and now I don’t want to go away from here.” “You came here and did a good deed,” said Dolly, looking intently at her. Anna looked at her with eyes wet with tears. “Don’t say that, Dolly. I’ve done nothing, and could do nothing. I often wonder why people are all in league to spoil me. What have I done, and what could I do? In your heart there was found love enough to forgive....” “If it had not been for you, God knows what would have happened! How happy you are, Anna!” said Dolly. “Everything is clear and good in your heart.” “Every heart has its own skeletons, as the English say.” “You have no sort of skeleton, have you? Everything is so clear in you.” “I have!” said Anna suddenly, and, unexpectedly after her tears, a sly, ironical smile curved her lips. “Come, he’s amusing, anyway, your skeleton, and not depressing,” said Dolly, smiling. “No, he’s depressing. Do you know why I’m going today instead of tomorrow? It’s a confession that weighs on me; I want to make it to you,” said Anna, letting herself drop definitely into an armchair, and looking straight into Dolly’s face. And to her surprise Dolly saw that Anna was blushing up to her ears, up to the curly black ringlets on her neck. “Yes,” Anna went on. “Do you know why Kitty didn’t come to dinner? She’s jealous of me. I have spoiled ... I’ve been the cause of that ball being a torture to her instead of a pleasure. But truly, truly, it’s not my fault, or only my fault a little bit,” she said, daintily drawling the words “a little bit.” “Oh, how like Stiva you said that!” said Dolly, laughing. Anna was hurt. “Oh no, oh no! I’m not Stiva,” she said, knitting her brows. “That’s why I’m telling you, just because I could never let myself doubt myself for an instant,” said Anna. But at the very moment she was uttering the words, she felt that they were not true. She was not merely doubting herself, she felt emotion at the thought of Vronsky, and was going away sooner than she had meant, simply to avoid meeting him. “Yes, Stiva told me you danced the mazurka with him, and that he....” “You can’t imagine how absurdly it all came about. I only meant to be matchmaking, and all at once it turned out quite differently. Possibly against my own will....” She crimsoned and stopped. “Oh, they feel it directly?” said Dolly. “But I should be in despair if there were anything serious in it on his side,” Anna interrupted her. “And I am certain it will all be forgotten, and Kitty will leave off hating me.” “All the same, Anna, to tell you the truth, I’m not very anxious for this marriage for Kitty. And it’s better it should come to nothing, if he, Vronsky, is capable of falling in love with you in a single day.” “Oh, heavens, that would be too silly!” said Anna, and again a deep flush of pleasure came out on her face, when she heard the idea, that absorbed her, put into words. “And so here I am going away, having made an enemy of Kitty, whom I liked so much! Ah, how sweet she is! But you’ll make it right, Dolly? Eh?” Dolly could scarcely suppress a smile. She loved Anna, but she enjoyed seeing that she too had her weaknesses. “An enemy? That can’t be.” “I did so want you all to care for me, as I do for you, and now I care for you more than ever,” said Anna, with tears in her eyes. “Ah, how silly I am today!” She passed her handkerchief over her face and began dressing. At the very moment of starting Stepan Arkadyevitch arrived, late, rosy and good-humored, smelling of wine and cigars. Anna’s emotionalism infected Dolly, and when she embraced her sister-in-law for the last time, she whispered: “Remember, Anna, what you’ve done for me—I shall never forget. And remember that I love you, and shall always love you as my dearest friend!” “I don’t know why,” said Anna, kissing her and hiding her tears. “You understood me, and you understand. Good-bye, my darling!”
Source text: Project Gutenberg #1399. Public domain worldwide. Translated by Constance Garnett (1901)
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Chapter 28 functions as a threshold scene, marking Anna's departure from Moscow and, symbolically, from the life of uncomplicated virtue she has briefly inhabited. Tolstoy structures the chapter around a series of confessions and self-contradictions: Anna tells Dolly she never doubts herself, and the narrator immediately undercuts her—"at the very moment she was uttering the words, she felt that they were not true." This technique of free indirect discourse exposes the gap between Anna's social performance and her inner reality, establishing the pattern of self-deception that will govern her trajectory throughout the novel.

The motif of departure accumulates emotional weight through repetition. Anna notes she did not want to leave Petersburg and now does not want to leave Moscow, a symmetry that hints at a restlessness deeper than circumstance. Her accelerated timetable—leaving today rather than tomorrow—is ostensibly practical but is revealed as flight from Vronsky, making the departure itself an act of moral awareness that is simultaneously an act of avoidance. Tolstoy thus presents Anna as neither wholly passive nor wholly culpable.

The exchange about skeletons ("Every heart has its own skeletons, as the English say") is pivotal. Dolly assumes Anna's skeleton must be trivial; Anna's "sly, ironical smile" and blush signal otherwise. The proverb, attributed pointedly to the English—the language of Anna's governess and of social propriety in the Oblonsky household—ironises the very decorum it invokes, suggesting that concealed guilt is universal and that Anna's is already more serious than she admits.

Dolly serves as both confessor and mirror in this scene. Her observation that Vronsky's capacity to fall in love with Anna in a single day makes him unsuitable for Kitty is delivered with apparent concern for her sister, yet it also, inadvertently, flatters Anna—"again a deep flush of pleasure came out on her face." Tolstoy's notation of this involuntary blush is a masterclass in psychological realism: Anna's body betrays desires her conscience has not yet fully acknowledged. The parallel between Anna and Stiva, drawn by Dolly's laughing comparison, introduces the novel's broader concern with moral symmetry and double standards—Anna bristles at the likeness, yet the narrator has already shown her capable of the same self-serving rationalisation.

The farewell between Anna and Dolly is rendered with genuine tenderness, yet Tolstoy frames it with quiet irony: Stepan Arkadyevitch arrives "late, rosy and good-humored, smelling of wine and cigars," his cheerful dissipation contrasting with the women's tearful sincerity. The chapter closes on Anna hiding her tears and unable to explain why she is moved—"I don't know why"—a phrase that encapsulates her condition: she is in the grip of forces she cannot yet name, departing a scene of domestic warmth for a future whose shape she both fears and desires.

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✎ Mr. Shifflett's Note
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