This chapter is structured around one of Tolstoy's most audacious extended metaphors: the murderer simile. Vronsky is compared not to a lover but to a killer who, horrified by the body he has made, nonetheless hacks at it and drags it to conceal his crime. The vehicle of the metaphor is sustained with almost clinical precision—the body is their love, specifically its first, innocent stage. Tolstoy thereby frames the consummation not as fulfilment but as destruction, inverting the conventional romantic climax and insisting that what has been gained is inseparable from what has been irreversibly lost.
Anna's response enacts a profound crisis of selfhood. Her proud, gay head bows to the floor; the woman who commanded every Petersburg drawing room prostrates herself and begs forgiveness from the only tribunal left to her—Vronsky himself. The displacement of moral authority from God or society onto Vronsky is telling: Anna's world has contracted to a single point, and that contraction is simultaneously liberation and imprisonment. Her declaration, "All is over—I have nothing but you," reads as both love-oath and death sentence.
The chapter's treatment of language and silence is equally significant. Anna refuses Vronsky's word "happiness" with horror and loathing, and she commands him to say nothing more. Tolstoy then extends this silence across days: she cannot find words, cannot even find thoughts adequate to her feelings. The inability to articulate is not mere speechlessness but a structural feature of her new condition—the experience exceeds the symbolic order available to a woman of her class and era. The narrator's phrase "vulgarize this feeling by inappropriate words" grants Anna a kind of negative sublimity, while simultaneously showing how that sublimity traps her.
The recurring dream that closes the chapter operates as a psychoanalytic symptom avant la lettre. In it, the incompatible is made compatible: both husbands coexist, both are happy, and Anna laughs at how simple it all is. The dream enacts the wish-fulfilment her waking mind cannot permit, but it returns every night as nightmare rather than comfort, suggesting that the unconscious cannot resolve what the social world has made irresolvable. The two Alexeys—Alexandrovitch and Vronsky—sharing her in the dream also literalize the double bind of her position: she is legally one man's wife and emotionally another's, and neither claim can be relinquished.
Structurally, Tolstoy places this chapter at the hinge of Anna's trajectory. The chapter opens with the word "fulfilled" and closes with the word "terror," a compression that encapsulates the novel's entire argument about desire and consequence. The deferral motif—"Later, later, when I am calmer"—anticipates the psychological pattern that will govern Anna's remaining years: the refusal to look directly at her situation until looking becomes impossible to avoid.